[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 495-499

Titre :	Diet Affects the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Health
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Hannah D. Holscher
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 495-499
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.016
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Fibre alimentaire ; Microbiome gastro-intestinal ; Prébiotique ; Probiotiques ; Régime alimentaire
Résumé :	Host-microbe interactions are complex. However, it is clear that diet is a key factor in influencing the abundances of gastrointestinal microbes and their production of metabolic byproducts, as well as human health. Consumption of certain dietary fibers, prebiotics, and probiotics has been shown to be efficacious strategies for improving human health. However, it is critically important to remember that different dietary approaches, as well as consumption of different fibers, prebiotics, and probiotics, will differentially impact the human gastrointestinal microbiota and in turn health.
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[article] Diet Affects the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Health [Article] / Hannah D. Holscher . - 2020 . - p. 495-499.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.016
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 495-499

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Fibre alimentaire ; Microbiome gastro-intestinal ; Prébiotique ; Probiotiques ; Régime alimentaire
Résumé :	Host-microbe interactions are complex. However, it is clear that diet is a key factor in influencing the abundances of gastrointestinal microbes and their production of metabolic byproducts, as well as human health. Consumption of certain dietary fibers, prebiotics, and probiotics has been shown to be efficacious strategies for improving human health. However, it is critically important to remember that different dietary approaches, as well as consumption of different fibers, prebiotics, and probiotics, will differentially impact the human gastrointestinal microbiota and in turn health.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 500-516.e10

Titre :	Microbiota Stability and Gastrointestinal Tolerance in Response to a High-Protein Diet with and without a Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Older Women
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Amanda L. Ford ; Varuni Nagulesapillai ; Amanda Piano ; Jérémie Auger ; Stéphanie-Anne Girard ; Mary Christman ; Thomas A. Tompkins ; Wendy J. Dahl
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 500-516.e10
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.009
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Microbiome gastro-intestinal ; Prébiotique ; Probiotiques ; Régime riche en protéines ; Sujet âgé
Résumé :	Background: Higher protein intakes may help reduce sarcopenia and facilitate recovery from illness and injury in older adults. However, high-protein diets (HPDs) including animal-sourced foods may negatively perturb the microbiota, and provision of probiotics and prebiotics may mitigate these effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of HPD, with and without a probiotic and/or prebiotic, on gut microbiota and wellness in older women. Design: We conducted an 18-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants/setting: Participants were healthy, older women (mean age±standard deviation=73.7±5.6 years; n=26) recruited from Florida. Intervention: Participants received a weight-maintenance HPD for 2-week periods and the following, in random order: HPD alone (1.5 to 2.2 g/kg/day protein); HPD plus multistrain probiotic formulation (1.54×109 Bifidobacterium bifidum HA-132, 4.62×109 Bifidobacterium breve HA-129, 4.62×109 Bifidobacterium longum HA-135, 4.62×109 Lactobacillus acidophilus HA-122, and 4.62×109 Lactobacillus plantarum HA-119), HPD plus prebiotic (5.6 g inulin), and HPD plus synbiotic (probiotic plus inulin), separated by 2-week washouts. Stools were collected per period for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (strain recovery) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses (microbiota profile). Measures of gastrointestinal and general wellness were assessed. Main outcome measures: Microbiota composition and probiotic strain recovery were measured. Statistical analyses: Microbiota composition was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t test. Secondary outcomes were analyzing using generalized linear mixed models. Results: The microbiota profile demonstrated relative stability with the HPD; representation of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus were enhanced, whereas butyrate producers, Roseburia and Anaerostipes, were suppressed. Lactococcus was suppressed with synbiotic vs other HPD periods. Recovery was confirmed for all probiotic strains. Indicators of wellness were unchanged, with the exception of a minimal increase in gastrointestinal distress with inulin. Fat-free mass increased from baseline to study end. Conclusions: An HPD adhering to the recommended acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges maintains wellness in healthy older women and exerts minor perturbations to the microbiome profile, a group that may benefit from a higher protein intake.
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[article] Microbiota Stability and Gastrointestinal Tolerance in Response to a High-Protein Diet with and without a Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Older Women [Article] / Amanda L. Ford ; Varuni Nagulesapillai ; Amanda Piano ; Jérémie Auger ; Stéphanie-Anne Girard ; Mary Christman ; Thomas A. Tompkins ; Wendy J. Dahl . - 2020 . - p. 500-516.e10.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.009
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 500-516.e10

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Microbiome gastro-intestinal ; Prébiotique ; Probiotiques ; Régime riche en protéines ; Sujet âgé
Résumé :	Background: Higher protein intakes may help reduce sarcopenia and facilitate recovery from illness and injury in older adults. However, high-protein diets (HPDs) including animal-sourced foods may negatively perturb the microbiota, and provision of probiotics and prebiotics may mitigate these effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of HPD, with and without a probiotic and/or prebiotic, on gut microbiota and wellness in older women. Design: We conducted an 18-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants/setting: Participants were healthy, older women (mean age±standard deviation=73.7±5.6 years; n=26) recruited from Florida. Intervention: Participants received a weight-maintenance HPD for 2-week periods and the following, in random order: HPD alone (1.5 to 2.2 g/kg/day protein); HPD plus multistrain probiotic formulation (1.54×109 Bifidobacterium bifidum HA-132, 4.62×109 Bifidobacterium breve HA-129, 4.62×109 Bifidobacterium longum HA-135, 4.62×109 Lactobacillus acidophilus HA-122, and 4.62×109 Lactobacillus plantarum HA-119), HPD plus prebiotic (5.6 g inulin), and HPD plus synbiotic (probiotic plus inulin), separated by 2-week washouts. Stools were collected per period for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (strain recovery) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses (microbiota profile). Measures of gastrointestinal and general wellness were assessed. Main outcome measures: Microbiota composition and probiotic strain recovery were measured. Statistical analyses: Microbiota composition was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and t test. Secondary outcomes were analyzing using generalized linear mixed models. Results: The microbiota profile demonstrated relative stability with the HPD; representation of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus were enhanced, whereas butyrate producers, Roseburia and Anaerostipes, were suppressed. Lactococcus was suppressed with synbiotic vs other HPD periods. Recovery was confirmed for all probiotic strains. Indicators of wellness were unchanged, with the exception of a minimal increase in gastrointestinal distress with inulin. Fat-free mass increased from baseline to study end. Conclusions: An HPD adhering to the recommended acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges maintains wellness in healthy older women and exerts minor perturbations to the microbiome profile, a group that may benefit from a higher protein intake.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 517-534

Titre :	Dietary Habits of 2- to 9-Year-Old American Children Are Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Dena R. Herman ; Nicholas Rhoades ; Jasmine Mercado ; Pedro Argueta ; Ulises Lopez ; Gilberto Flores
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 517-534
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Aliment enrichi ; Alimentation de l'enfant ; Céréales ; Composition nutritionnelle ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Microbiome gastro-intestinal
Mots-clés :	Séquençage du gène de l'ARN ribosomal 16S
Résumé :	Background: The human gut microbiome is recognized as an important determinant of human health, yet little is known about how dietary habits are related to the microbiome in post-weaned, pre-pubescent children. Objective: The goal of this work was to link quantitative dietary intake with microbiome features in a diverse population of children consuming a predominantly Western diet. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants/settings: English- or Spanish-speaking families with healthy children between the ages of 2 and 9 years were recruited from a community-based, early childhood learning center in suburban Los Angeles, California between June and September 2014. Main outcome measures: Children included in the analyses (n=75) contributed three fecal samples and three quantitative 24-hour dietary recalls using the multiple-pass method with an average of 5.7 days between samples. Microbial communities of each fecal sample were characterized using Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Dietary recalls were analyzed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recall Dietary Assessment Tool. Statistical analysis performed: Associations between dietary factors and microbiome features were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman rank correlations, or permutational multivariate analysis of variance. For demographic and health-related variables, χ2 analyses were used to test for differences between age groups for categorical variables. Results: Our results show that age is correlated with three metrics of microbiome diversity (P0.05). Likewise, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa were linked to consumption of particular food groups and/or nutrients, as illustrated by the positive associations between total fruit (Pfalse discovery rate Conclusions: This hypothesis-generating study demonstrates that the composition of the child gut microbiome remains dynamic beyond the age of 3 years and responds to dietary differences across individuals. In particular, non–whole-grain foods fortified with vitamins and minerals appear to be associated with the composition of the microbiome. Future interventional or model organism-based studies will be needed to test these associations between diet and microbiome composition.
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[article] Dietary Habits of 2- to 9-Year-Old American Children Are Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition [Article] / Dena R. Herman ; Nicholas Rhoades ; Jasmine Mercado ; Pedro Argueta ; Ulises Lopez ; Gilberto Flores . - 2020 . - p. 517-534.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 517-534

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Aliment enrichi ; Alimentation de l'enfant ; Céréales ; Composition nutritionnelle ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Microbiome gastro-intestinal
Mots-clés :	Séquençage du gène de l'ARN ribosomal 16S
Résumé :	Background: The human gut microbiome is recognized as an important determinant of human health, yet little is known about how dietary habits are related to the microbiome in post-weaned, pre-pubescent children. Objective: The goal of this work was to link quantitative dietary intake with microbiome features in a diverse population of children consuming a predominantly Western diet. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants/settings: English- or Spanish-speaking families with healthy children between the ages of 2 and 9 years were recruited from a community-based, early childhood learning center in suburban Los Angeles, California between June and September 2014. Main outcome measures: Children included in the analyses (n=75) contributed three fecal samples and three quantitative 24-hour dietary recalls using the multiple-pass method with an average of 5.7 days between samples. Microbial communities of each fecal sample were characterized using Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Dietary recalls were analyzed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recall Dietary Assessment Tool. Statistical analysis performed: Associations between dietary factors and microbiome features were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman rank correlations, or permutational multivariate analysis of variance. For demographic and health-related variables, χ2 analyses were used to test for differences between age groups for categorical variables. Results: Our results show that age is correlated with three metrics of microbiome diversity (P0.05). Likewise, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa were linked to consumption of particular food groups and/or nutrients, as illustrated by the positive associations between total fruit (Pfalse discovery rate Conclusions: This hypothesis-generating study demonstrates that the composition of the child gut microbiome remains dynamic beyond the age of 3 years and responds to dietary differences across individuals. In particular, non–whole-grain foods fortified with vitamins and minerals appear to be associated with the composition of the microbiome. Future interventional or model organism-based studies will be needed to test these associations between diet and microbiome composition.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 535-547

Titre :	Nutrient Intake, Diet Quality, and Diet Diversity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Impact of the Low FODMAP Diet
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Heidi M. Staudacher ; Frances S.E. Ralph ; Peter M. Irving ; Kevin Whelan ; Miranda Lomer
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 535-547
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.01.017
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci FODMAP ; Nutriments ; Qualité alimentaire ; Syndrome du côlon irritable
Résumé :	Background: Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may modify their diet, which may pose nutritional risk. Further, some dietary approaches, such as a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), are restrictive and may contribute to nutritional inadequacy. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate habitual nutrient intake, diet quality, and diversity in IBS and the effect of a 4-week low FODMAP diet on these parameters compared with controls. Design: Data from two randomized controlled trials were included for this secondary analysis. Participants were randomized to low FODMAP diet (n=63) or control diet (sham diet n=48, habitual diet n=19). Participants/setting: Participants included 130 individuals with IBS referred to a tertiary center in London, UK between January 2010 to June 2011 and January 2013 to November 2014. Intervention: Participants in one trial were randomized to receive either low FODMAP dietary counseling or sham control dietary counseling. In the other, they were randomized to receive low FODMAP dietary counseling or to continue habitual diet. All advice was provided by a specialist dietitian. Main outcome measures: Habitual (usual) dietary intake at baseline (n=130) and after a 4-week intervention period was measured using 7-day food records. Statistical analyses performed: Analysis of covariance and χ2 tests evaluated differences across groups at 4 weeks. Results: When examining habitual intake of individuals with IBS, fiber intake was low, with only 6 (5%) achieving the target (30 g/day). In those receiving low FODMAP advice, there was no difference in intake of most nutrients compared with controls. However, there was lower intake of starch (109 g/day) vs habitual control diet (128 g/day; P=0.030), and higher intake of vitamin B-12 (6.1 μg/day) vs habitual (3.9 μg/day) and sham control diets (4.7 μg/day; P Conclusion: This study demonstrates many individuals with IBS fail to meet dietary reference values for multiple nutrients. A 4-week low FODMAP diet, when delivered by a specialist dietitian, does not impact on intake of most nutrients or diet diversity but decreases diet quality compared with control diets.
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[article] Nutrient Intake, Diet Quality, and Diet Diversity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Impact of the Low FODMAP Diet [Article] / Heidi M. Staudacher ; Frances S.E. Ralph ; Peter M. Irving ; Kevin Whelan ; Miranda Lomer . - 2020 . - p. 535-547.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.01.017
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 535-547

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci FODMAP ; Nutriments ; Qualité alimentaire ; Syndrome du côlon irritable
Résumé :	Background: Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may modify their diet, which may pose nutritional risk. Further, some dietary approaches, such as a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), are restrictive and may contribute to nutritional inadequacy. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate habitual nutrient intake, diet quality, and diversity in IBS and the effect of a 4-week low FODMAP diet on these parameters compared with controls. Design: Data from two randomized controlled trials were included for this secondary analysis. Participants were randomized to low FODMAP diet (n=63) or control diet (sham diet n=48, habitual diet n=19). Participants/setting: Participants included 130 individuals with IBS referred to a tertiary center in London, UK between January 2010 to June 2011 and January 2013 to November 2014. Intervention: Participants in one trial were randomized to receive either low FODMAP dietary counseling or sham control dietary counseling. In the other, they were randomized to receive low FODMAP dietary counseling or to continue habitual diet. All advice was provided by a specialist dietitian. Main outcome measures: Habitual (usual) dietary intake at baseline (n=130) and after a 4-week intervention period was measured using 7-day food records. Statistical analyses performed: Analysis of covariance and χ2 tests evaluated differences across groups at 4 weeks. Results: When examining habitual intake of individuals with IBS, fiber intake was low, with only 6 (5%) achieving the target (30 g/day). In those receiving low FODMAP advice, there was no difference in intake of most nutrients compared with controls. However, there was lower intake of starch (109 g/day) vs habitual control diet (128 g/day; P=0.030), and higher intake of vitamin B-12 (6.1 μg/day) vs habitual (3.9 μg/day) and sham control diets (4.7 μg/day; P Conclusion: This study demonstrates many individuals with IBS fail to meet dietary reference values for multiple nutrients. A 4-week low FODMAP diet, when delivered by a specialist dietitian, does not impact on intake of most nutrients or diet diversity but decreases diet quality compared with control diets.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 548-564

Titre :	Probiotic Supplementation Has a Limited Effect on Circulating Immune and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Alex E. Mohr ; Anthony J. Basile ; Meli’sa Crawford ; Karen L. Sweazea ; Katie C. Carpenter
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 548-564
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.018
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adulte (19-44 ans) ; Immunite ; Inflammation ; Probiotiques
Résumé :	Background: A main mechanism of action proposed for oral probiotic supplementation is immunomodulation, which is expected to impart health benefits in the host by influencing circulating immune and inflammatory factors. To date, the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation for immunomodulation in healthy adults without disease has not been evaluated in a systematic review. Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on circulating immune and inflammatory markers of healthy adults compared to placebo. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases were searched for English articles up to May 15, 2019. Additional papers were identified by checking references of relevant papers. Only randomized controlled trials studying the administration of probiotic supplements compared to placebo on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy adults (aged 18 to 65 years), without acute or chronic disease, and in generally good health were examined. Independent extraction of articles was conducted by two authors using predefined search terms and restrictions/filters. The methodologic quality of each study was appraised using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library Quality Rating Worksheet and the body of evidence was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Grade Definitions and Conclusion Grading Table. Results: Eighteen articles, including 819 subjects, met eligibility criteria and were included in the present systematic review. Five articles were rated neutral in quality and 13 were rated high in quality. Eight articles reported a significant effect on immune and/or inflammatory parameters including increases in natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and decreases in proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Conclusions: Based on the 18 articles extracted in this systemic review, probiotic supplementation was concluded to have a limited effect on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy adults. Overall, the evidence was heterogenous, precluding a meta-analysis, and difficult to aggregate and conclude on effect size.
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[article] Probiotic Supplementation Has a Limited Effect on Circulating Immune and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials [Article] / Alex E. Mohr ; Anthony J. Basile ; Meli’sa Crawford ; Karen L. Sweazea ; Katie C. Carpenter . - 2020 . - p. 548-564.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.018
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 548-564

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adulte (19-44 ans) ; Immunite ; Inflammation ; Probiotiques
Résumé :	Background: A main mechanism of action proposed for oral probiotic supplementation is immunomodulation, which is expected to impart health benefits in the host by influencing circulating immune and inflammatory factors. To date, the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation for immunomodulation in healthy adults without disease has not been evaluated in a systematic review. Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on circulating immune and inflammatory markers of healthy adults compared to placebo. Methods: PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases were searched for English articles up to May 15, 2019. Additional papers were identified by checking references of relevant papers. Only randomized controlled trials studying the administration of probiotic supplements compared to placebo on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy adults (aged 18 to 65 years), without acute or chronic disease, and in generally good health were examined. Independent extraction of articles was conducted by two authors using predefined search terms and restrictions/filters. The methodologic quality of each study was appraised using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library Quality Rating Worksheet and the body of evidence was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Grade Definitions and Conclusion Grading Table. Results: Eighteen articles, including 819 subjects, met eligibility criteria and were included in the present systematic review. Five articles were rated neutral in quality and 13 were rated high in quality. Eight articles reported a significant effect on immune and/or inflammatory parameters including increases in natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and decreases in proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Conclusions: Based on the 18 articles extracted in this systemic review, probiotic supplementation was concluded to have a limited effect on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy adults. Overall, the evidence was heterogenous, precluding a meta-analysis, and difficult to aggregate and conclude on effect size.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 565-586

Titre :	Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Lin Wang ; Nuha Alammar ; Rajdeep Singh ; Julie Nanavati ; Yiran Song ; Rahul Chaudhary ; Gerard E. Mullin
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 565-586
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.015
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Bifidobacterium ; Dysbiose ; Lactobacillus ; Microbiome gastro-intestinal ; Syndrome du côlon irritable
Résumé :	Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional digestive condition in the industrialized world. The gut microbiota plays a key role in disease pathogenesis. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis on case–control studies was conducted to determine whether there is gut microbial dysbiosis in participants with IBS in comparison with healthy controls and, if so, whether the dysbiosis pattern differs among IBS subtypes and geographic regions. Methods: This review was conducted and reported according to the MOOSE (Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) 2000 and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2009 guidelines. Research articles published up to May 9, 2018 were identified through MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Case–control studies of participants with IBS who had undergone quantitative gut microbial stool analysis were included. The primary exposure measure of interest is log10 bacterial counts per gram of stool. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the mean difference (MD) in gut microbiota between participants with IBS and healthy controls using the random-effects model with inverse variance in Revman 5.3 and R 3.5.1. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger’s test. Between-study heterogeneity was analyzed using Higgins I2 statistic with 95% CIs. Results: There were 6,333 unique articles identified; 52 qualified for full-text screening. Of these, 23 studies were included for analysis (n=1,340 participants from North America, Europe, and Asia). Overall, the studies were moderate in quality. Comparing participants with IBS to healthy controls, lower fecal Lactobacillus (MD= –0.57 log10 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g; P75%) in most comparisons, the direction of the effect estimates is relatively consistent across studies. Conclusions: IBS is characterized by gut microbial dysbiosis. Prospective, large-scale studies are needed to delineate how gut microbial profiles can be used to guide targeted therapies in this challenging patient population.
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[article] Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies [Article] / Lin Wang ; Nuha Alammar ; Rajdeep Singh ; Julie Nanavati ; Yiran Song ; Rahul Chaudhary ; Gerard E. Mullin . - 2020 . - p. 565-586.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.05.015
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 565-586

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Bifidobacterium ; Dysbiose ; Lactobacillus ; Microbiome gastro-intestinal ; Syndrome du côlon irritable
Résumé :	Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional digestive condition in the industrialized world. The gut microbiota plays a key role in disease pathogenesis. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis on case–control studies was conducted to determine whether there is gut microbial dysbiosis in participants with IBS in comparison with healthy controls and, if so, whether the dysbiosis pattern differs among IBS subtypes and geographic regions. Methods: This review was conducted and reported according to the MOOSE (Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) 2000 and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2009 guidelines. Research articles published up to May 9, 2018 were identified through MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Case–control studies of participants with IBS who had undergone quantitative gut microbial stool analysis were included. The primary exposure measure of interest is log10 bacterial counts per gram of stool. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the mean difference (MD) in gut microbiota between participants with IBS and healthy controls using the random-effects model with inverse variance in Revman 5.3 and R 3.5.1. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger’s test. Between-study heterogeneity was analyzed using Higgins I2 statistic with 95% CIs. Results: There were 6,333 unique articles identified; 52 qualified for full-text screening. Of these, 23 studies were included for analysis (n=1,340 participants from North America, Europe, and Asia). Overall, the studies were moderate in quality. Comparing participants with IBS to healthy controls, lower fecal Lactobacillus (MD= –0.57 log10 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g; P75%) in most comparisons, the direction of the effect estimates is relatively consistent across studies. Conclusions: IBS is characterized by gut microbial dysbiosis. Prospective, large-scale studies are needed to delineate how gut microbial profiles can be used to guide targeted therapies in this challenging patient population.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 587-607.e2

Titre :	The Effects of Prebiotics and Substances with Prebiotic Properties on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Angela Colantonio ; Sharon Werner ; Melissa Brown
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 587-607.e2
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.12.013
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Amidon résistant ; Diabète de type 2 ; Fibre alimentaire ; Inuline ; Prébiotique
Résumé :	Background: Intestinal bacteria composition and prebiotics may play a role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties on the metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers of individuals with T2DM compared with placebo. Methods: A literature search to identify articles published up to March 31, 2018, was conducted utilizing PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Individuals at aged 18 years or older with T2DM from randomized controlled trials investigating prebiotics or substances with prebiotic properties were included. Metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers associated with T2DM were the primary outcome measures. Results: Twenty-seven publications were analyzed. All but seven of these publications reported a beneficial effect on metabolic and/or inflammatory biomarkers. Interventions included mostly women, lasted 4 days to 12 weeks, and diabetes duration ranged from 6 months to 11 years. Nineteen publications reported improvements in glycemia, 15 in cardiovascular markers, nine in body weight, and nine in inflammatory markers. Benefits from resistant starch, resistant dextrin, and oligofructose-enriched inulin were most frequent. A smaller number of studies utilizing other substances with prebiotic properties also yielded improvements. Conclusions: Based on these results, there is fair evidence that prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties may improve metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers related to T2DM in women aged 18 years at least. Interventions with resistant starch, resistant dextrin, and oligofructose-enriched inulin exhibited the strongest evidence for improvements due to the quantity of publications and quality grades. Other prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties show promise but the number of studies is few. Additional studies that are longer in duration, include both sexes, and include other prebiotics or substances with prebiotic properties are needed.
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[article] The Effects of Prebiotics and Substances with Prebiotic Properties on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review [Article] / Angela Colantonio ; Sharon Werner ; Melissa Brown . - 2020 . - p. 587-607.e2.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.12.013
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 587-607.e2

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Amidon résistant ; Diabète de type 2 ; Fibre alimentaire ; Inuline ; Prébiotique
Résumé :	Background: Intestinal bacteria composition and prebiotics may play a role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties on the metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers of individuals with T2DM compared with placebo. Methods: A literature search to identify articles published up to March 31, 2018, was conducted utilizing PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Individuals at aged 18 years or older with T2DM from randomized controlled trials investigating prebiotics or substances with prebiotic properties were included. Metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers associated with T2DM were the primary outcome measures. Results: Twenty-seven publications were analyzed. All but seven of these publications reported a beneficial effect on metabolic and/or inflammatory biomarkers. Interventions included mostly women, lasted 4 days to 12 weeks, and diabetes duration ranged from 6 months to 11 years. Nineteen publications reported improvements in glycemia, 15 in cardiovascular markers, nine in body weight, and nine in inflammatory markers. Benefits from resistant starch, resistant dextrin, and oligofructose-enriched inulin were most frequent. A smaller number of studies utilizing other substances with prebiotic properties also yielded improvements. Conclusions: Based on these results, there is fair evidence that prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties may improve metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers related to T2DM in women aged 18 years at least. Interventions with resistant starch, resistant dextrin, and oligofructose-enriched inulin exhibited the strongest evidence for improvements due to the quantity of publications and quality grades. Other prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties show promise but the number of studies is few. Additional studies that are longer in duration, include both sexes, and include other prebiotics or substances with prebiotic properties are needed.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 608-623

Titre :	The Influence of Diet Interventions Using Whole, Plant Food on the Gut Microbiome: A Narrative Review
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Holly J. Willis ; Joanne L. Slavin
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 608-623
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.017
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Fibre alimentaire ; Microbiologie ; Prébiotique ; Régime alimentaire
Mots-clés :	Aliments entiers
Résumé :	Dietary intake is a key determinant of gastrointestinal microbiota composition. Studies have considered the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary patterns. It is likely that certain plant foods that contain fiber and other bioactive matter may be more likely to drive microbial changes than others; however, study design and other factors can make interpretation of the literature difficult. Fifteen well-controlled, well-defined diet interventions published between 2008 and 2018 using whole, plant foods were evaluated for their influence on gut microbiota. There was limited effect on microbial diversity across studies and modest microbial changes were noted in 10 of 15 studies. More research is needed before specific plant foods can be recommended to improve gut microbiota and ultimately health. Methodologic considerations for future diet and microbiome studies are discussed. Additional research to better understand how specific whole, plant foods influence microbe composition, functionality, and metabolite production is needed, as are mechanistic studies linking diet-induced gut microbe changes to health.
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[article] The Influence of Diet Interventions Using Whole, Plant Food on the Gut Microbiome: A Narrative Review [Article] / Holly J. Willis ; Joanne L. Slavin . - 2020 . - p. 608-623.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.017
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 608-623

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Fibre alimentaire ; Microbiologie ; Prébiotique ; Régime alimentaire
Mots-clés :	Aliments entiers
Résumé :	Dietary intake is a key determinant of gastrointestinal microbiota composition. Studies have considered the relationship between gut microbiota and dietary patterns. It is likely that certain plant foods that contain fiber and other bioactive matter may be more likely to drive microbial changes than others; however, study design and other factors can make interpretation of the literature difficult. Fifteen well-controlled, well-defined diet interventions published between 2008 and 2018 using whole, plant foods were evaluated for their influence on gut microbiota. There was limited effect on microbial diversity across studies and modest microbial changes were noted in 10 of 15 studies. More research is needed before specific plant foods can be recommended to improve gut microbiota and ultimately health. Methodologic considerations for future diet and microbiome studies are discussed. Additional research to better understand how specific whole, plant foods influence microbe composition, functionality, and metabolite production is needed, as are mechanistic studies linking diet-induced gut microbe changes to health.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 624-640

Titre :	Nutrition Assessment in Crohn’s Disease using Anthropometric, Biochemical, and Dietary Indexes: A Narrative Review
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Alicia M. Sandall ; Catherine Wall ; Miranda Lomer
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 624-640
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.013
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Composition corporelle ; Maladie de Crohn ; Micronutriments ; Nutrition
Résumé :	Malnutrition is common in patients with Crohn’s disease and negatively influences immunity and quality of life. The optimal tools for nutrition assessment in patients with Crohn’s disease are not clearly defined and lead to variations in practice. With this review, we aimed to appraise the existing evidence for nutrition assessment of patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls and provide a comprehensive guide with relevant measures applicable to clinical practice. A literature search using Medline, Embase, and Scopus from inception to October 1, 2018, was conducted. Forty-one articles that assessed body composition, muscle strength, micronutrient status and/or dietary intake in adults with Crohn’s disease compared with an age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. There were heterogeneous findings on nutritional status in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls. Only one article reported a clinically significant difference for body mass index; however, significant deficits in fat mass, fat-free mass, and muscle strength were observed in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls, with more pronounced differences with increasing disease activity and length of diagnosis. Most research reported significantly lower serum micronutrients in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls. Half of studies measuring micronutrient intake reported lower intakes in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls. Fruit and vegetable intake was also lower in patients with Crohn’s disease. Difficulties characterizing the type and prevalence of malnutrition exist due to the heterogeneous nature of Crohn’s disease and warrants continued investigation. As a result of this review, we advocate that a nutrition assessment should include more parameters than weight and body mass index.
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[article] Nutrition Assessment in Crohn’s Disease using Anthropometric, Biochemical, and Dietary Indexes: A Narrative Review [Article] / Alicia M. Sandall ; Catherine Wall ; Miranda Lomer . - 2020 . - p. 624-640.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.013
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 624-640

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Composition corporelle ; Maladie de Crohn ; Micronutriments ; Nutrition
Résumé :	Malnutrition is common in patients with Crohn’s disease and negatively influences immunity and quality of life. The optimal tools for nutrition assessment in patients with Crohn’s disease are not clearly defined and lead to variations in practice. With this review, we aimed to appraise the existing evidence for nutrition assessment of patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls and provide a comprehensive guide with relevant measures applicable to clinical practice. A literature search using Medline, Embase, and Scopus from inception to October 1, 2018, was conducted. Forty-one articles that assessed body composition, muscle strength, micronutrient status and/or dietary intake in adults with Crohn’s disease compared with an age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included. There were heterogeneous findings on nutritional status in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls. Only one article reported a clinically significant difference for body mass index; however, significant deficits in fat mass, fat-free mass, and muscle strength were observed in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls, with more pronounced differences with increasing disease activity and length of diagnosis. Most research reported significantly lower serum micronutrients in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls. Half of studies measuring micronutrient intake reported lower intakes in patients with Crohn’s disease compared with healthy controls. Fruit and vegetable intake was also lower in patients with Crohn’s disease. Difficulties characterizing the type and prevalence of malnutrition exist due to the heterogeneous nature of Crohn’s disease and warrants continued investigation. As a result of this review, we advocate that a nutrition assessment should include more parameters than weight and body mass index.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 641-649

Titre :	The Impact of a 4-Week Low-FODMAP and mNICE Diet on Nutrient Intake in a Sample of US Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Shanti Eswaran ; Russel D. Dolan ; Sarah C. Ball ; Kenya Jackson ; William Chey
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 641-649
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.003
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adulte (19-44 ans) ; Diarrhée ; FODMAP ; Micronutriments ; Nutrition ; Syndrome du côlon irritable
Résumé :	Background: A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) has gained increasing acceptance for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome but safety concerns have been raised regarding nutritional adequacy. Changes in nutrient intake during the elimination phase of the low-FODMAP diet remain predominantly unknown. Objective: To determine changes in the mean reported daily nutrient content before and after 4 weeks of a low-FODMAP diet vs modified National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (mNICE) dietary intervention and to identify nutritional inadequacies based on comparison to the Dietary Reference Intakes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea subtype. Design: Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial entailing a 4-week trial period comparing the low-FODMAP and mNICE diets. Participants and setting: A total of 78 patients (41 low FODMAP and 37 mNICE) meeting the Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea subtype were consecutively recruited from gastroenterology and primary care clinics at the University of Michigan Medical Center between October 2012 and November 2015. Methods: Participants randomized to the low-FODMAP arm were instructed to decrease their dietary intake of FODMAPs, whereas participants randomized to the mNICE intervention arm were instructed to eat small frequent meals, avoid trigger foods, and avoid excess alcohol and caffeine. Main outcome measures: Post hoc evaluation for presence of micronutrient deficiencies per Dietary Reference Intakes when implementing low-FODMAP vs mNICE dietary interventions. Dietary intake was analyzed via 3-day food diaries at baseline and during the final week of the assigned diet. Statistical analyses performed: A post hoc analysis utilizing either a t test or χ2 analysis was conducted between before and after data. Results: Both diets resulted in fewer daily kilocalories consumed, fewer number of daily meals consumed, and less daily carbohydrate intake. Among the patients following the low-FODMAP diet, there was a statistically significant decrease from baseline in several micronutrients, which was not observed in the mNICE cohort. However, these differences in the low-FODMAP group remained significant only for riboflavin after correcting for calorie-adjusted nutrient intake. Comparing Dietary Reference Intakes of participants pre- and postintervention, fewer patients met the Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin and iron in the low FODMAP group, and for calcium and copper in the mNICE group. Conclusions: During a 4-week dietary intervention, the mean daily intake of most micronutrients remained stable and within the Recommended Dietary Allowances for both diets. Although decrease in several micronutrients was observed with implementation of the low-FODMAP diet relative to the mNICE diet, most of these disappeared after adjusting for energy intake.
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[article] The Impact of a 4-Week Low-FODMAP and mNICE Diet on Nutrient Intake in a Sample of US Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea [Article] / Shanti Eswaran ; Russel D. Dolan ; Sarah C. Ball ; Kenya Jackson ; William Chey . - 2020 . - p. 641-649.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.03.003
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 641-649

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adulte (19-44 ans) ; Diarrhée ; FODMAP ; Micronutriments ; Nutrition ; Syndrome du côlon irritable
Résumé :	Background: A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) has gained increasing acceptance for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome but safety concerns have been raised regarding nutritional adequacy. Changes in nutrient intake during the elimination phase of the low-FODMAP diet remain predominantly unknown. Objective: To determine changes in the mean reported daily nutrient content before and after 4 weeks of a low-FODMAP diet vs modified National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (mNICE) dietary intervention and to identify nutritional inadequacies based on comparison to the Dietary Reference Intakes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea subtype. Design: Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial entailing a 4-week trial period comparing the low-FODMAP and mNICE diets. Participants and setting: A total of 78 patients (41 low FODMAP and 37 mNICE) meeting the Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea subtype were consecutively recruited from gastroenterology and primary care clinics at the University of Michigan Medical Center between October 2012 and November 2015. Methods: Participants randomized to the low-FODMAP arm were instructed to decrease their dietary intake of FODMAPs, whereas participants randomized to the mNICE intervention arm were instructed to eat small frequent meals, avoid trigger foods, and avoid excess alcohol and caffeine. Main outcome measures: Post hoc evaluation for presence of micronutrient deficiencies per Dietary Reference Intakes when implementing low-FODMAP vs mNICE dietary interventions. Dietary intake was analyzed via 3-day food diaries at baseline and during the final week of the assigned diet. Statistical analyses performed: A post hoc analysis utilizing either a t test or χ2 analysis was conducted between before and after data. Results: Both diets resulted in fewer daily kilocalories consumed, fewer number of daily meals consumed, and less daily carbohydrate intake. Among the patients following the low-FODMAP diet, there was a statistically significant decrease from baseline in several micronutrients, which was not observed in the mNICE cohort. However, these differences in the low-FODMAP group remained significant only for riboflavin after correcting for calorie-adjusted nutrient intake. Comparing Dietary Reference Intakes of participants pre- and postintervention, fewer patients met the Dietary Reference Intakes for thiamin and iron in the low FODMAP group, and for calcium and copper in the mNICE group. Conclusions: During a 4-week dietary intervention, the mean daily intake of most micronutrients remained stable and within the Recommended Dietary Allowances for both diets. Although decrease in several micronutrients was observed with implementation of the low-FODMAP diet relative to the mNICE diet, most of these disappeared after adjusting for energy intake.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 650-659

Titre :	Fecal Akkermansia muciniphila Is Associated with Body Composition and Microbiota Diversity in Overweight and Obese Women with Breast Cancer Participating in a Presurgical Weight Loss Trial
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Andrew D. Frugé ; Laura Q. Rogers ; William Van der Pol ; Casey D. Morrow ; Yuko Tsuruta ; Wendy Demark-wahnefried
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 650-659
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.08.164
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Cytokines ; Microbiome gastro-intestinal ; Régime alimentaire ; Tumeurs du sein
Mots-clés :	Akkermansia muciniphila
Résumé :	Background: Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) is a gram-negative, mucin-degrading bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract associated with host phenotypes and disease states. Objective: Explore characteristics of overweight and obese female early-stage (0 to II) breast cancer patients with low AM relative abundance (LAM) vs high (HAM) enrolled in a presurgical weight-loss trial. Design: Secondary analysis of pooled participants in a randomized controlled trial (NCT02224807). Participants/setting: During the period from 2014 to 2017, 32 female patients with breast cancer were randomized to weight-loss or attention-control arms from time of diagnosis-to-lumpectomy (mean=30±9 days). Intervention: All were instructed to correct nutrient deficiencies via food sources and on upper-body exercises. The weight-loss group received additional guidance to promote 0.5 to 1 kg/wk weight-loss via energy restriction and aerobic exercise. Main outcome measures: At baseline and follow-up, sera, fecal samples, two-24 hour dietary recalls and dual x-ray absorptiometry were obtained. Bacterial DNA was isolated from feces and polymerase chain reaction (16S) amplified. Inflammatory cytokines were measured in sera. Statistical analyses performed: Differences between LAM and HAM participants were analyzed using t tests and nonparametric tests. Spearman correlations explored relationships between continuous variables. Results: Participants were aged 61±9 years with body mass index 34.8±6. Mean AM relative abundance was 0.02% (0.007% to 0.06%) and 1.59% (0.59% to 13.57%) for LAM and HAM participants, respectively. At baseline, women with HAM vs LAM had lower fat mass (38.9±11.2 kg vs 46.4±9.0 kg; P=0.044). Alpha diversity (ie, species richness) was higher in women with HAM (360.8±84.8 vs 282.4±69.6; P=0.008) at baseline, but attenuated after weight-loss (P=0.058). At baseline, interleukin-6 level was associated with species richness (ρ=–0.471, P=0.008) and fat mass (ρ=0.529, P=0.002), but not AM. Change in total dietary fiber was positively associated with AM in LAM (ρ=0.626, P=0.002), but not HAM (ρ=0.436, P=0.180) participants. Conclusions: Among women with early-stage breast cancer, body composition is associated with AM, microbiota diversity, and interleukin-6 level. AM may mediate the effects of dietary fiber in improving microbiota composition.
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[article] Fecal Akkermansia muciniphila Is Associated with Body Composition and Microbiota Diversity in Overweight and Obese Women with Breast Cancer Participating in a Presurgical Weight Loss Trial [Article] / Andrew D. Frugé ; Laura Q. Rogers ; William Van der Pol ; Casey D. Morrow ; Yuko Tsuruta ; Wendy Demark-wahnefried . - 2020 . - p. 650-659.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2018.08.164
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 650-659

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Cytokines ; Microbiome gastro-intestinal ; Régime alimentaire ; Tumeurs du sein
Mots-clés :	Akkermansia muciniphila
Résumé :	Background: Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) is a gram-negative, mucin-degrading bacteria inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract associated with host phenotypes and disease states. Objective: Explore characteristics of overweight and obese female early-stage (0 to II) breast cancer patients with low AM relative abundance (LAM) vs high (HAM) enrolled in a presurgical weight-loss trial. Design: Secondary analysis of pooled participants in a randomized controlled trial (NCT02224807). Participants/setting: During the period from 2014 to 2017, 32 female patients with breast cancer were randomized to weight-loss or attention-control arms from time of diagnosis-to-lumpectomy (mean=30±9 days). Intervention: All were instructed to correct nutrient deficiencies via food sources and on upper-body exercises. The weight-loss group received additional guidance to promote 0.5 to 1 kg/wk weight-loss via energy restriction and aerobic exercise. Main outcome measures: At baseline and follow-up, sera, fecal samples, two-24 hour dietary recalls and dual x-ray absorptiometry were obtained. Bacterial DNA was isolated from feces and polymerase chain reaction (16S) amplified. Inflammatory cytokines were measured in sera. Statistical analyses performed: Differences between LAM and HAM participants were analyzed using t tests and nonparametric tests. Spearman correlations explored relationships between continuous variables. Results: Participants were aged 61±9 years with body mass index 34.8±6. Mean AM relative abundance was 0.02% (0.007% to 0.06%) and 1.59% (0.59% to 13.57%) for LAM and HAM participants, respectively. At baseline, women with HAM vs LAM had lower fat mass (38.9±11.2 kg vs 46.4±9.0 kg; P=0.044). Alpha diversity (ie, species richness) was higher in women with HAM (360.8±84.8 vs 282.4±69.6; P=0.008) at baseline, but attenuated after weight-loss (P=0.058). At baseline, interleukin-6 level was associated with species richness (ρ=–0.471, P=0.008) and fat mass (ρ=0.529, P=0.002), but not AM. Change in total dietary fiber was positively associated with AM in LAM (ρ=0.626, P=0.002), but not HAM (ρ=0.436, P=0.180) participants. Conclusions: Among women with early-stage breast cancer, body composition is associated with AM, microbiota diversity, and interleukin-6 level. AM may mediate the effects of dietary fiber in improving microbiota composition.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 669-708

Titre :	Adult Malnutrition (Undernutrition) Screening: An Evidence Analysis Center Systematic Review
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Annalynn Skipper ; Anne Coltman ; Jennifer Tomesko ; Pam Charney ; Judith Porcari ; Tami A. Piemonte ; Deepa Handu ; Feon W. Cheng
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 669-708
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.010
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adulte (19-44 ans) ; Diagnostic ; Malnutrition
Résumé :	Background: Malnutrition screening relies on quick and easy-to-use tools that require minimal training of users. Valid and reliable tools should avoid under-referral of adults with a malnutrition diagnosis or over-referral of those without a malnutrition diagnosis to dietitians. Objective: Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of adult malnutrition screening tools for validity, agreement, and reliability, and to determine the costs of the malnutrition screening procedure. Methods: Following a structured process, a comprehensive search using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL was conducted for relevant research published between 1997 and 2017 that examined the validity, agreement, reliability, and costs of nutrition screening tools. Results: Sixty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The Malnutrition Screening Tool exhibited moderate validity, agreement, and reliability based on Grade I (Good/Strong) evidence. The evidence supporting the conclusions for the remaining tools was Fair (Grade II). The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool exhibited high validity and moderate agreement and reliability. The Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form exhibited moderate validity and reliability and low agreement. The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire and the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 exhibited moderate validity and reliability and the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form Body Mass Index exhibited high validity and moderate agreement. However, these last three tools were missing reliability or agreement data. Limited data were available to evaluate malnutrition screening costs. Conclusions: This review provides an analysis of validity, agreement, and reliability of tools to screen adults for malnutrition, regardless of their age, medical history, or location. No tools were found with high validity, reliability, and strong supportive evidence. Tools most often achieved moderate validity, agreement, and reliability, and had large variations in individual results. The minimum validity and reliability of tools to screen adults for malnutrition should be established to shape future research. Cost data for the screening process should be obtained and examined.
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[article] Adult Malnutrition (Undernutrition) Screening: An Evidence Analysis Center Systematic Review [Article] / Annalynn Skipper ; Anne Coltman ; Jennifer Tomesko ; Pam Charney ; Judith Porcari ; Tami A. Piemonte ; Deepa Handu ; Feon W. Cheng . - 2020 . - p. 669-708.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.010
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 669-708

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adulte (19-44 ans) ; Diagnostic ; Malnutrition
Résumé :	Background: Malnutrition screening relies on quick and easy-to-use tools that require minimal training of users. Valid and reliable tools should avoid under-referral of adults with a malnutrition diagnosis or over-referral of those without a malnutrition diagnosis to dietitians. Objective: Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of adult malnutrition screening tools for validity, agreement, and reliability, and to determine the costs of the malnutrition screening procedure. Methods: Following a structured process, a comprehensive search using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL was conducted for relevant research published between 1997 and 2017 that examined the validity, agreement, reliability, and costs of nutrition screening tools. Results: Sixty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The Malnutrition Screening Tool exhibited moderate validity, agreement, and reliability based on Grade I (Good/Strong) evidence. The evidence supporting the conclusions for the remaining tools was Fair (Grade II). The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool exhibited high validity and moderate agreement and reliability. The Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form exhibited moderate validity and reliability and low agreement. The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire and the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 exhibited moderate validity and reliability and the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form Body Mass Index exhibited high validity and moderate agreement. However, these last three tools were missing reliability or agreement data. Limited data were available to evaluate malnutrition screening costs. Conclusions: This review provides an analysis of validity, agreement, and reliability of tools to screen adults for malnutrition, regardless of their age, medical history, or location. No tools were found with high validity, reliability, and strong supportive evidence. Tools most often achieved moderate validity, agreement, and reliability, and had large variations in individual results. The minimum validity and reliability of tools to screen adults for malnutrition should be established to shape future research. Cost data for the screening process should be obtained and examined.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 709-713

Titre :	Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Malnutrition (Undernutrition) Screening Tools for All Adults
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Annalynn Skipper ; Anne Coltman ; Jennifer Tomesko ; Pam Charney ; Judith Porcari ; Tami A. Piemonte ; Deepa Handu ; Feon W. Cheng
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 709-713
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.011
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adulte (19-44 ans) ; Diagnostic ; Malnutrition ; Outil d'évaluation
Résumé :	It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that, based upon current evidence, the Malnutrition Screening Tool should be used to screen adults for malnutrition (undernutrition) regardless of their age, medical history, or setting. Malnutrition (undernutrition) screening is a simple process intended to quickly recognize individuals who may have a malnutrition diagnosis. While numerous malnutrition screening tools are in use, their levels of validity, agreement, reliability, and generalizability vary. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reviewed the body of evidence supporting malnutrition screening tools and determined a single tool for identifying adults in all settings who may have malnutrition, regardless of their age or medical history. The Nutrition Screening for Adults Workgroup conducted a systematic review of the most robust evidence to promote using the highest-quality malnutrition screening tool available.
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[article] Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Malnutrition (Undernutrition) Screening Tools for All Adults [Article] / Annalynn Skipper ; Anne Coltman ; Jennifer Tomesko ; Pam Charney ; Judith Porcari ; Tami A. Piemonte ; Deepa Handu ; Feon W. Cheng . - 2020 . - p. 709-713.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.011
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 4 (April 2020) . - p. 709-713

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adulte (19-44 ans) ; Diagnostic ; Malnutrition ; Outil d'évaluation
Résumé :	It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that, based upon current evidence, the Malnutrition Screening Tool should be used to screen adults for malnutrition (undernutrition) regardless of their age, medical history, or setting. Malnutrition (undernutrition) screening is a simple process intended to quickly recognize individuals who may have a malnutrition diagnosis. While numerous malnutrition screening tools are in use, their levels of validity, agreement, reliability, and generalizability vary. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reviewed the body of evidence supporting malnutrition screening tools and determined a single tool for identifying adults in all settings who may have malnutrition, regardless of their age or medical history. The Nutrition Screening for Adults Workgroup conducted a systematic review of the most robust evidence to promote using the highest-quality malnutrition screening tool available.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 351-358

Titre :	Utility of the Flipped Classroom When Teaching Clinical Nutrition Material
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Emily Riddle ; Emily Gier ; Kimberly Williams
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 351-358
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.015
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Classe inversée ; Diététique ; Enseignement professionnel ; Étudiants des professions de santé ; Motivation académique
Résumé :	Dietetics bridges science with practical application. However, students often struggle linking fundamental science to practical interventions, which requires the application of nutrition principles. The flipped classroom may increase student engagement and improve synthesis of complex material; however, its efficacy in teaching clinical nutrition material has not been evaluated.
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[article] Utility of the Flipped Classroom When Teaching Clinical Nutrition Material [Article] / Emily Riddle ; Emily Gier ; Kimberly Williams . - 2020 . - p. 351-358.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.015
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 351-358

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Classe inversée ; Diététique ; Enseignement professionnel ; Étudiants des professions de santé ; Motivation académique
Résumé :	Dietetics bridges science with practical application. However, students often struggle linking fundamental science to practical interventions, which requires the application of nutrition principles. The flipped classroom may increase student engagement and improve synthesis of complex material; however, its efficacy in teaching clinical nutrition material has not been evaluated.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 359-362

Titre :	Documented Success and Future Potential of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Juliana Cohen ; Marlene B. Schwartz
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 359-362
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.021
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Cantine scolaire ; Casse-croute ; Etats-unis ; Politique publique
Résumé :	The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) of 2010 required the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to create updated school meal and competitive food standards that aligned with the concurrent (2010) version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.1 The resulting regulations significantly strengthened the nutrition standards for school breakfast and lunch,2 and introduced new nutrition standards for foods sold outside of the school meal program during the school day (ie, Smart Snacks in School).3 Further, the USDA articulated new expectations for local school wellness policies such as limiting student exposure to unhealthy food marketing and increasing district accountability for policy implementation and progress toward goals.4
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[article] Documented Success and Future Potential of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act [Article] / Juliana Cohen ; Marlene B. Schwartz . - 2020 . - p. 359-362.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.021
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 359-362

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Cantine scolaire ; Casse-croute ; Etats-unis ; Politique publique
Résumé :	The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) of 2010 required the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to create updated school meal and competitive food standards that aligned with the concurrent (2010) version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.1 The resulting regulations significantly strengthened the nutrition standards for school breakfast and lunch,2 and introduced new nutrition standards for foods sold outside of the school meal program during the school day (ie, Smart Snacks in School).3 Further, the USDA articulated new expectations for local school wellness policies such as limiting student exposure to unhealthy food marketing and increasing district accountability for policy implementation and progress toward goals.4
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 371-385

Titre :	The Association between the 2009 WIC Food Package Change and Early Childhood Obesity Risk Varies by Type of Infant Package Received
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Pia Chaparro ; May C. Wang ; Chrisopher E. Anderson ; Catherine M. Crespi ; Shannon E. Whaley
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 371-385
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.014
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Aliment du nourrisson au cours de la première année ; Alimentation au biberon ; Allaitement naturel ; Nourrisson ; Obésité pédiatrique
Mots-clés :	WIC
Résumé :	Background: In 2009, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food packages were updated. WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County receiving the new food package, compared with the old, had lower obesity risk at age 4. Objective: To determine if the association between the new WIC food package and obesity varies by type of infant WIC food package received. Design: Longitudinal study using administrative data on children participating in WIC in Los Angeles County continuously from birth until age 4. Children were compared across periods: Before (period 1: born 2003-2004), straddling (period 2: born 2005-2008), and after (period 3: born 2009-2011) the food package change. Children were further grouped as Fully Breastfed, Mostly Breastfed, Mostly Formula Fed, and Fully Formula Fed based on the type of food packages received during the first year of life. Participants/setting: WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County between 2003 and 2016 (N=116,991). Main outcome measures: Weight-for-height z-score growth trajectories from 0 to 4 years and obesity (body mass index-for-age≥95th percentile) at age 4. Statistical analyses performed: Children were matched across periods on infant feeding group; age, sex, race or ethnicity, and initial weight status; maternal education and language; and family poverty. Sex-stratified piecewise linear spline mixed models and Poisson regression models were fit to the data. Results: No differences across periods were observed for children in the Fully Breastfed group. Boys in the Mostly Breastfed (relative risk [RR]=1.27, 95% CI=1.17 to 1.38), Mostly Formula Fed (RR=1.07, 95% CI=1.02 to 1.13), and Fully Formula Fed (RR=1.13, 95% CI=1.06 to 1.20) groups in period 1 had higher obesity risk than their counterparts in period 3; girls in the Mostly Breastfed group in period 1 had a higher obesity risk than those in period 3 (RR=1.17, 95% CI=1.07 to 1.28). Conclusions: The association between the WIC food package change and obesity varied by type of infant food package received, with the strongest associations observed for those who were mostly breastfed.
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[article] The Association between the 2009 WIC Food Package Change and Early Childhood Obesity Risk Varies by Type of Infant Package Received [Article] / Pia Chaparro ; May C. Wang ; Chrisopher E. Anderson ; Catherine M. Crespi ; Shannon E. Whaley . - 2020 . - p. 371-385.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.014
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 371-385

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Aliment du nourrisson au cours de la première année ; Alimentation au biberon ; Allaitement naturel ; Nourrisson ; Obésité pédiatrique
Mots-clés :	WIC
Résumé :	Background: In 2009, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food packages were updated. WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County receiving the new food package, compared with the old, had lower obesity risk at age 4. Objective: To determine if the association between the new WIC food package and obesity varies by type of infant WIC food package received. Design: Longitudinal study using administrative data on children participating in WIC in Los Angeles County continuously from birth until age 4. Children were compared across periods: Before (period 1: born 2003-2004), straddling (period 2: born 2005-2008), and after (period 3: born 2009-2011) the food package change. Children were further grouped as Fully Breastfed, Mostly Breastfed, Mostly Formula Fed, and Fully Formula Fed based on the type of food packages received during the first year of life. Participants/setting: WIC-participating children in Los Angeles County between 2003 and 2016 (N=116,991). Main outcome measures: Weight-for-height z-score growth trajectories from 0 to 4 years and obesity (body mass index-for-age≥95th percentile) at age 4. Statistical analyses performed: Children were matched across periods on infant feeding group; age, sex, race or ethnicity, and initial weight status; maternal education and language; and family poverty. Sex-stratified piecewise linear spline mixed models and Poisson regression models were fit to the data. Results: No differences across periods were observed for children in the Fully Breastfed group. Boys in the Mostly Breastfed (relative risk [RR]=1.27, 95% CI=1.17 to 1.38), Mostly Formula Fed (RR=1.07, 95% CI=1.02 to 1.13), and Fully Formula Fed (RR=1.13, 95% CI=1.06 to 1.20) groups in period 1 had higher obesity risk than their counterparts in period 3; girls in the Mostly Breastfed group in period 1 had a higher obesity risk than those in period 3 (RR=1.17, 95% CI=1.07 to 1.28). Conclusions: The association between the WIC food package change and obesity varied by type of infant food package received, with the strongest associations observed for those who were mostly breastfed.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 386-394

Titre :	Contributions of Early Care and Education Programs to Diet Quality in Children Aged 3 to 4 Years in Central North Carolina
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Courtney T. Luecking ; Stephanie Mazzucca ; Amber E. Vaughn ; Dianne S. Ward
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 386-394
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.018
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Famille ; Nutrition ; Régime alimentaire sain ; Soins de l'enfant
Résumé :	Background: Parents and early care and education (ECE) are the key influencers of young children’s diets, but there is limited information about how each contribute to children’s overall diet quality. Objective: This study aimed to determine what proportion of children’s dietary intake occurs within the ECE setting and whether diet quality is higher at ECE centers and, consequently, on weekdays than weekends. Design: This cross-sectional analysis of a larger cluster randomized controlled trial used multiple 24-hour dietary intakes measured through a combination of the Dietary Observation in Child Care protocol and parent-reported food diaries. Participants/setting: Participants (N=840) included children aged 3 to 4 years enrolled in ECE centers in central North Carolina for whom 24-hour dietary intake was captured via observation of meals and snacks consumed at ECE and parent-report of all remaining meals and snacks. Data were collected from 2015 to 2016. Main outcome measures: Diet quality at ECE and elsewhere was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Statistical analyses performed: Mixed-effects models were used to determine differences in mean Healthy Eating Index 2015 component and total scores. Models were adjusted for children’s age and sex and accounted for clustering within ECE centers and families. Results: Children consumed approximately 40% of daily energy, nutrients, and food groups at ECE centers. The mean total Healthy Eating Index 2015 score was higher for foods and beverages consumed at ECE centers (58.3±0.6) than elsewhere (52.5±0.6) (P Conclusions: Children consume a majority of dietary intake away from ECE centers. Overall, diet quality is low, but the quality of foods consumed by children at ECE centers is higher than that consumed elsewhere. ECE centers remain an important source of nutrition and further investigation is warranted to identify ways to support both ECE centers and families to provide healthier eating environments.
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[article] Contributions of Early Care and Education Programs to Diet Quality in Children Aged 3 to 4 Years in Central North Carolina [Article] / Courtney T. Luecking ; Stephanie Mazzucca ; Amber E. Vaughn ; Dianne S. Ward . - 2020 . - p. 386-394.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.018
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 386-394

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Famille ; Nutrition ; Régime alimentaire sain ; Soins de l'enfant
Résumé :	Background: Parents and early care and education (ECE) are the key influencers of young children’s diets, but there is limited information about how each contribute to children’s overall diet quality. Objective: This study aimed to determine what proportion of children’s dietary intake occurs within the ECE setting and whether diet quality is higher at ECE centers and, consequently, on weekdays than weekends. Design: This cross-sectional analysis of a larger cluster randomized controlled trial used multiple 24-hour dietary intakes measured through a combination of the Dietary Observation in Child Care protocol and parent-reported food diaries. Participants/setting: Participants (N=840) included children aged 3 to 4 years enrolled in ECE centers in central North Carolina for whom 24-hour dietary intake was captured via observation of meals and snacks consumed at ECE and parent-report of all remaining meals and snacks. Data were collected from 2015 to 2016. Main outcome measures: Diet quality at ECE and elsewhere was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Statistical analyses performed: Mixed-effects models were used to determine differences in mean Healthy Eating Index 2015 component and total scores. Models were adjusted for children’s age and sex and accounted for clustering within ECE centers and families. Results: Children consumed approximately 40% of daily energy, nutrients, and food groups at ECE centers. The mean total Healthy Eating Index 2015 score was higher for foods and beverages consumed at ECE centers (58.3±0.6) than elsewhere (52.5±0.6) (P Conclusions: Children consume a majority of dietary intake away from ECE centers. Overall, diet quality is low, but the quality of foods consumed by children at ECE centers is higher than that consumed elsewhere. ECE centers remain an important source of nutrition and further investigation is warranted to identify ways to support both ECE centers and families to provide healthier eating environments.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 395-403

Titre :	Understanding the Psychological Distress of Food Insecurity: A Qualitative Study of Children’s Experiences and Related Coping Strategies
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Cindy Leung ; Anita L. Stewart ; Eduardo T. Portela-Parra ; Nancy E. Adler ; Barbara A. Laraia ; Elissa Epel
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 395-403
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adaptation psychologique ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Malnutrition ; Peur
Mots-clés :	Détresse psychologique
Résumé :	Background: Food insecurity, a condition of inadequate household food availability, affects 15.7% of US households with children. Food insecurity is generally believed to affect the quantity and quality of food consumed. However, an understudied but important aspect of the experience of food insecurity is psychological distress. Objective: To critically explore the psychological distress associated with children’s food insecurity using children’s own reports of their experiences. Design: In-depth qualitative interviews conducted with children to better understand the psychological distress associated with food insecurity. Participants/setting: Sixty children (aged 7 to 14 years) were recruited from the San Francisco Bay Area. Children were eligible in the case that they spoke English fluently and their parent reported any experience of household food insecurity during the past year. Results: Children discussed six themes related to the psychological distress associated with food insecurity: worrying about not having enough food, worrying about their parents’ well-being, anger and frustration about not having enough food, embarrassment about their family’s food situation, strain on the family’s dynamics due to food insecurity, and sadness over not having enough food. After describing their experiences, children described strategies they employed to tolerate or cope with food insecurity, including distracting from or using their imagination to cope with food insecurity, increasing tolerance of their family’s food situation, and appreciating their parents for providing food and resources. Conclusions: Food insecurity contributes to children’s psychological distress. Given the known effects of chronic stress in childhood, the psychological distress of food insecurity may represent an important mechanism by which food insecurity adversely influences children’s growth and development and deserves investigation in future studies.
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[article] Understanding the Psychological Distress of Food Insecurity: A Qualitative Study of Children’s Experiences and Related Coping Strategies [Article] / Cindy Leung ; Anita L. Stewart ; Eduardo T. Portela-Parra ; Nancy E. Adler ; Barbara A. Laraia ; Elissa Epel . - 2020 . - p. 395-403.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 395-403

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adaptation psychologique ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Malnutrition ; Peur
Mots-clés :	Détresse psychologique
Résumé :	Background: Food insecurity, a condition of inadequate household food availability, affects 15.7% of US households with children. Food insecurity is generally believed to affect the quantity and quality of food consumed. However, an understudied but important aspect of the experience of food insecurity is psychological distress. Objective: To critically explore the psychological distress associated with children’s food insecurity using children’s own reports of their experiences. Design: In-depth qualitative interviews conducted with children to better understand the psychological distress associated with food insecurity. Participants/setting: Sixty children (aged 7 to 14 years) were recruited from the San Francisco Bay Area. Children were eligible in the case that they spoke English fluently and their parent reported any experience of household food insecurity during the past year. Results: Children discussed six themes related to the psychological distress associated with food insecurity: worrying about not having enough food, worrying about their parents’ well-being, anger and frustration about not having enough food, embarrassment about their family’s food situation, strain on the family’s dynamics due to food insecurity, and sadness over not having enough food. After describing their experiences, children described strategies they employed to tolerate or cope with food insecurity, including distracting from or using their imagination to cope with food insecurity, increasing tolerance of their family’s food situation, and appreciating their parents for providing food and resources. Conclusions: Food insecurity contributes to children’s psychological distress. Given the known effects of chronic stress in childhood, the psychological distress of food insecurity may represent an important mechanism by which food insecurity adversely influences children’s growth and development and deserves investigation in future studies.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 404-413

Titre :	Advertising Placement in Digital Game Design Influences Children’s Choices of Advertised Snacks: A Randomized Trial
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Rachel Smith ; Bridget Kelly ; Heather Yeatman ; Christopher Moore ; Louise Baur ; Lesley King ; Emma Boyland ; Kathy Chapman ; Clare Hughes ; Adrian Bauman
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 404-413
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Annonce publicitaire ; Jeu vidéo ; Obésité pédiatrique ; Web
Mots-clés :	Jeux en ligne
Résumé :	Background: Children are inhabitants of a media-rich environment rife in extensive, sophisticated, and persistent techniques that are used to market unhealthy food. Exposure is known to influence children’s attitudes, choices, and consumption, yet further research is required to explore the influence of contemporary techniques within online games. Objective: To explore the influence of modern advertising on children’s attitudes, choices, and consumption, techniques (ie, banner advertising, advergame, and rewarded video advertising) were used to promote an unfamiliar confectionery brand within an online game. Design: A between-subjects randomized experimental study. Participants/setting: Children (aged 7 to 12 years [n=156]) were recruited in New South Wales, Australia, between September and November 2017. Intervention: Children were required to play a 4-minute online game, complete some questionnaires, and choose one snack to consume afterward. Children were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: a control group with no advertising, and three experimental conditions that promoted an unfamiliar confectionery brand via a banner advertisement, advergame, or rewarded video advertisement. Main outcome measures: Questionnaires included the assessment of attitudes to the test brand before and after the game, enjoyment of the game, and children’s awareness of advertising. Food choice was recorded and food consumption was measured by weighing the snack in grams, which was translated into kilocalories. Statistical analyses performed: Statistical tests included analyses of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and χ2 test. Results: Attitudes toward the perception of fun (P=0.06) and taste (P=0.21) of the test brand were not influenced by condition. Children who were exposed to the rewarded video advertising chose the test brand significantly more than children in the other three conditions (P Conclusions: Children’s choice of the test brand was significantly influenced by the rewarded video advertising condition (compared with control, banner advertising, and advergame conditions). This technique is prevalent across online and application games that children play yet the effects of using rewarded video advertising to promote food brands have not been explored from a public health perspective. This study contributes to the understanding of modern strategies used to market unhealthy foods to children.
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[article] Advertising Placement in Digital Game Design Influences Children’s Choices of Advertised Snacks: A Randomized Trial [Article] / Rachel Smith ; Bridget Kelly ; Heather Yeatman ; Christopher Moore ; Louise Baur ; Lesley King ; Emma Boyland ; Kathy Chapman ; Clare Hughes ; Adrian Bauman . - 2020 . - p. 404-413.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 404-413

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Annonce publicitaire ; Jeu vidéo ; Obésité pédiatrique ; Web
Mots-clés :	Jeux en ligne
Résumé :	Background: Children are inhabitants of a media-rich environment rife in extensive, sophisticated, and persistent techniques that are used to market unhealthy food. Exposure is known to influence children’s attitudes, choices, and consumption, yet further research is required to explore the influence of contemporary techniques within online games. Objective: To explore the influence of modern advertising on children’s attitudes, choices, and consumption, techniques (ie, banner advertising, advergame, and rewarded video advertising) were used to promote an unfamiliar confectionery brand within an online game. Design: A between-subjects randomized experimental study. Participants/setting: Children (aged 7 to 12 years [n=156]) were recruited in New South Wales, Australia, between September and November 2017. Intervention: Children were required to play a 4-minute online game, complete some questionnaires, and choose one snack to consume afterward. Children were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: a control group with no advertising, and three experimental conditions that promoted an unfamiliar confectionery brand via a banner advertisement, advergame, or rewarded video advertisement. Main outcome measures: Questionnaires included the assessment of attitudes to the test brand before and after the game, enjoyment of the game, and children’s awareness of advertising. Food choice was recorded and food consumption was measured by weighing the snack in grams, which was translated into kilocalories. Statistical analyses performed: Statistical tests included analyses of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and χ2 test. Results: Attitudes toward the perception of fun (P=0.06) and taste (P=0.21) of the test brand were not influenced by condition. Children who were exposed to the rewarded video advertising chose the test brand significantly more than children in the other three conditions (P Conclusions: Children’s choice of the test brand was significantly influenced by the rewarded video advertising condition (compared with control, banner advertising, and advergame conditions). This technique is prevalent across online and application games that children play yet the effects of using rewarded video advertising to promote food brands have not been explored from a public health perspective. This study contributes to the understanding of modern strategies used to market unhealthy foods to children.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 414-423

Titre :	Do Parents Perceive That Organized Activities Interfere with Family Meals? Associations between Parent Perceptions and Aspects of the Household Eating Environment
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Nicole Larson ; Jayne A. Fulkerson ; Jerica M. Berge ; Marla E. Eisenberg ; Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 414-423
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Activité extrascolaire ; Aliments de restauration rapide ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Repas
Résumé :	Background: Research has related child participation in organized activities to health and academic benefits; however, participation may interfere with family meals. Objective: Examine whether parents perceive child participation in organized activities to interfere with family meals and how perceptions are related to the household eating environment. Design: A cross-sectional analysis was completed using survey data collected in 2015-2016 as part of the Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) cohort study. Participants: Survey participants were originally recruited in Minneapolis–St Paul schools in 1998-1999. The analytic subsample of parents (one per household, n=389, 69% female, 31% nonwhite race, mean age=31) had one or more children involved in an organized activity. Approximately 33% of households included a child aged 2 to 5 and no older child; two thirds of households included school-aged children (6 to 18 years). Main outcome measures: Parents reported family meal frequency, family meal scheduling difficulties, frequency of at-home meal preparation, and their own intake of fast food, fruit, and vegetables. Statistical analyses performed: Analyses compared household environment characteristics reported by parents who perceived low interference between organized activities and family meals to characteristics reported by parents who perceived moderate to high interference from at least one form of activity. Regression models included a dichotomous indicator of interference as the independent variable and were adjusted for parental and household characteristics. Results: Among parents with children at any age, moderate to high interference was associated with lower family meal frequency, greater difficulty scheduling family meals, and more fast-food intake (all P≤0.01). The perception of moderate to high interference was more common among parents who reported involvement in both sport and nonsport activities (P Conclusions: Follow-up research, including qualitative studies, is needed to identify the specific aspects of child participation in organized activities (eg, scheduled time of day) that may interfere with family meals.
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[article] Do Parents Perceive That Organized Activities Interfere with Family Meals? Associations between Parent Perceptions and Aspects of the Household Eating Environment [Article] / Nicole Larson ; Jayne A. Fulkerson ; Jerica M. Berge ; Marla E. Eisenberg ; Dianne Neumark-Sztainer . - 2020 . - p. 414-423.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 414-423

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Activité extrascolaire ; Aliments de restauration rapide ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Repas
Résumé :	Background: Research has related child participation in organized activities to health and academic benefits; however, participation may interfere with family meals. Objective: Examine whether parents perceive child participation in organized activities to interfere with family meals and how perceptions are related to the household eating environment. Design: A cross-sectional analysis was completed using survey data collected in 2015-2016 as part of the Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) cohort study. Participants: Survey participants were originally recruited in Minneapolis–St Paul schools in 1998-1999. The analytic subsample of parents (one per household, n=389, 69% female, 31% nonwhite race, mean age=31) had one or more children involved in an organized activity. Approximately 33% of households included a child aged 2 to 5 and no older child; two thirds of households included school-aged children (6 to 18 years). Main outcome measures: Parents reported family meal frequency, family meal scheduling difficulties, frequency of at-home meal preparation, and their own intake of fast food, fruit, and vegetables. Statistical analyses performed: Analyses compared household environment characteristics reported by parents who perceived low interference between organized activities and family meals to characteristics reported by parents who perceived moderate to high interference from at least one form of activity. Regression models included a dichotomous indicator of interference as the independent variable and were adjusted for parental and household characteristics. Results: Among parents with children at any age, moderate to high interference was associated with lower family meal frequency, greater difficulty scheduling family meals, and more fast-food intake (all P≤0.01). The perception of moderate to high interference was more common among parents who reported involvement in both sport and nonsport activities (P Conclusions: Follow-up research, including qualitative studies, is needed to identify the specific aspects of child participation in organized activities (eg, scheduled time of day) that may interfere with family meals.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 424-436

Titre :	Dietary Patterns Associated with the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Kuwaiti Adults
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Badreya Al-Lahou ; Lynne M. Ausman ; José L. Peñalvo ; Gordon Huggins ; Suad Al-Hooti ; Sameer Al-Zenki ; Fang Fang Zhang
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 424-436
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Analyse statistique factorielle ; Koweït ; Maladies cardiovasculaires ; Régime alimentaire
Résumé :	Background: Kuwaiti adults have experienced a rapid increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. Dietary patterns in the Kuwaiti diet associated with the increasingly higher CVD burden have not been adequately evaluated. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the major dietary patterns in Kuwaiti adults and examine their associations with CVD risk factors. Design: This cross-sectional study examined data from the 2008-2009 National Nutrition Survey of the State of Kuwait. Participants/setting: The study included 555 Kuwaiti adults aged ≥20 years who completed a 24-hour dietary recall. Main outcome measures: The outcome measures included CVD risk factors such as obesity (body mass index), abdominal obesity (waist circumference), elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia (blood lipid levels), diabetes (glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels), and metabolic syndrome. Statistical analysis: Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The associations between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors were analyzed using survey-weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: vegetable-rich, fast food, and refined grains/poultry. Younger adults had higher adherence to the fast-food or refined-grains/poultry dietary patterns, whereas older adults had higher adherence to the vegetable-rich dietary pattern. The fast-food dietary pattern was positively associated with body mass index (β=.94, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.79), waist circumference (β=2.05, 95% CI 0.20 to 3.90 cm), and diastolic blood pressure (β=1.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.77 mm Hg). The refined grains/poultry dietary pattern was positively associated with plasma glucose levels (β=1.02, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.04 mg/dL [0.056 to 0.058 mmol/L]). Individuals in the highest tertile of the fast-food or refined-grains/poultry dietary patterns had higher odds of metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest tertile. Conclusions: The fast-food and refined grains/poultry dietary patterns were associated with high prevalence of CVD risk factors among Kuwaiti adults. The current findings underscore the need for prospective studies to further explore dietary pattern and CVD risk factor relationships among at-risk Kuwait adults.
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[article] Dietary Patterns Associated with the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Kuwaiti Adults [Article] / Badreya Al-Lahou ; Lynne M. Ausman ; José L. Peñalvo ; Gordon Huggins ; Suad Al-Hooti ; Sameer Al-Zenki ; Fang Fang Zhang . - 2020 . - p. 424-436.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 424-436

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Analyse statistique factorielle ; Koweït ; Maladies cardiovasculaires ; Régime alimentaire
Résumé :	Background: Kuwaiti adults have experienced a rapid increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. Dietary patterns in the Kuwaiti diet associated with the increasingly higher CVD burden have not been adequately evaluated. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the major dietary patterns in Kuwaiti adults and examine their associations with CVD risk factors. Design: This cross-sectional study examined data from the 2008-2009 National Nutrition Survey of the State of Kuwait. Participants/setting: The study included 555 Kuwaiti adults aged ≥20 years who completed a 24-hour dietary recall. Main outcome measures: The outcome measures included CVD risk factors such as obesity (body mass index), abdominal obesity (waist circumference), elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia (blood lipid levels), diabetes (glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels), and metabolic syndrome. Statistical analysis: Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. The associations between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors were analyzed using survey-weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: vegetable-rich, fast food, and refined grains/poultry. Younger adults had higher adherence to the fast-food or refined-grains/poultry dietary patterns, whereas older adults had higher adherence to the vegetable-rich dietary pattern. The fast-food dietary pattern was positively associated with body mass index (β=.94, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.79), waist circumference (β=2.05, 95% CI 0.20 to 3.90 cm), and diastolic blood pressure (β=1.62, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.77 mm Hg). The refined grains/poultry dietary pattern was positively associated with plasma glucose levels (β=1.02, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.04 mg/dL [0.056 to 0.058 mmol/L]). Individuals in the highest tertile of the fast-food or refined-grains/poultry dietary patterns had higher odds of metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest tertile. Conclusions: The fast-food and refined grains/poultry dietary patterns were associated with high prevalence of CVD risk factors among Kuwaiti adults. The current findings underscore the need for prospective studies to further explore dietary pattern and CVD risk factor relationships among at-risk Kuwait adults.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 437-444

Titre :	Evaluation of a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for 5-Year-Old Children in an Asian Population
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Ray Sugianto ; Mei Jun Chan ; Shu Fang Wong ; Lynette Pei-Chi Shek ; Kok Hian Tan ; Yap Seng Chong ; Keith M. Godfrey ; Bee-Choo Tai ; Mary Foong-Fong Chong
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 437-444
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Asie ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Enfant d'âge préscolaire (2-5 ans) ; Questionnaire ; Régime alimentaire
Résumé :	Background: Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often used to assess dietary intakes due to their ability to assess intake over extended periods, their low respondent burden, and their cost-effectiveness. A quantitative FFQ that includes locally appropriate food items for 5-year-old children in a multiethnic Asian population was developed, but its validity has not previously been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the relative validity of a newly developed FFQ as a dietary assessment tool for 5-year-old children in a multiethnic Asian population. Design: The 112 –food item FFQ was administered by trained interviewers to caregivers of children. Frequency of food items consumed in the previous month and portion size information were collected. The FFQs were evaluated against 3-day nonweighed diet records (DRs) completed by caregivers. Participants/setting: The dietary data of 361 children aged 5 years from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes mother-offspring cohort were collected in 2015-2016. Main outcome measures: Nutrients of interest included energy, macronutrients, fiber, cholesterol, vitamin A, beta carotene, calcium, and iron, calculated from the FFQs and DRs. Statistical analyses performed: Nutrient intakes according to FFQs in relation to DRs were assessed using Pearson’s correlation, Lin’s concordance, Bland-Altman plots, quintile joint classification, and Cohen’s κ statistics. Results: The highest energy-adjusted correlation (Pearson’s r=0.71) and concordance (Lin’s concordance=0.69) were observed for calcium. Fiber, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), cholesterol, and iron also showed correlation coefficients and concordance of at least 0.40. Bland-Altman plots suggested no substantial bias across ranges of intakes for the nutrients with correlations and concordance of 0.40 or above. Quintiles joint classification showed substantial agreement for calcium (κ=0.66), and moderate agreement for iron, fiber, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and beta carotene (κ=0.59, 0.54, 0.49, 0.44, 0.43, respectively). Conclusions: The newly developed FFQ is in reasonable agreement with DR for estimating intakes of calcium, fiber, saturated fat, PUFA, cholesterol, and iron. In addition, the FFQ is able to classify children according to quintiles of nutrient intakes, with moderate to substantial quintile agreements between FFQ and DR for calcium, iron, fiber, saturated fat, PUFA, and beta carotene. To assess the remaining nutrients, DR method is recommended instead of the FFQ.
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[article] Evaluation of a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for 5-Year-Old Children in an Asian Population [Article] / Ray Sugianto ; Mei Jun Chan ; Shu Fang Wong ; Lynette Pei-Chi Shek ; Kok Hian Tan ; Yap Seng Chong ; Keith M. Godfrey ; Bee-Choo Tai ; Mary Foong-Fong Chong . - 2020 . - p. 437-444.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 437-444

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Asie ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Enfant d'âge préscolaire (2-5 ans) ; Questionnaire ; Régime alimentaire
Résumé :	Background: Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often used to assess dietary intakes due to their ability to assess intake over extended periods, their low respondent burden, and their cost-effectiveness. A quantitative FFQ that includes locally appropriate food items for 5-year-old children in a multiethnic Asian population was developed, but its validity has not previously been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the relative validity of a newly developed FFQ as a dietary assessment tool for 5-year-old children in a multiethnic Asian population. Design: The 112 –food item FFQ was administered by trained interviewers to caregivers of children. Frequency of food items consumed in the previous month and portion size information were collected. The FFQs were evaluated against 3-day nonweighed diet records (DRs) completed by caregivers. Participants/setting: The dietary data of 361 children aged 5 years from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes mother-offspring cohort were collected in 2015-2016. Main outcome measures: Nutrients of interest included energy, macronutrients, fiber, cholesterol, vitamin A, beta carotene, calcium, and iron, calculated from the FFQs and DRs. Statistical analyses performed: Nutrient intakes according to FFQs in relation to DRs were assessed using Pearson’s correlation, Lin’s concordance, Bland-Altman plots, quintile joint classification, and Cohen’s κ statistics. Results: The highest energy-adjusted correlation (Pearson’s r=0.71) and concordance (Lin’s concordance=0.69) were observed for calcium. Fiber, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), cholesterol, and iron also showed correlation coefficients and concordance of at least 0.40. Bland-Altman plots suggested no substantial bias across ranges of intakes for the nutrients with correlations and concordance of 0.40 or above. Quintiles joint classification showed substantial agreement for calcium (κ=0.66), and moderate agreement for iron, fiber, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and beta carotene (κ=0.59, 0.54, 0.49, 0.44, 0.43, respectively). Conclusions: The newly developed FFQ is in reasonable agreement with DR for estimating intakes of calcium, fiber, saturated fat, PUFA, cholesterol, and iron. In addition, the FFQ is able to classify children according to quintiles of nutrient intakes, with moderate to substantial quintile agreements between FFQ and DR for calcium, iron, fiber, saturated fat, PUFA, and beta carotene. To assess the remaining nutrients, DR method is recommended instead of the FFQ.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 445-447

Titre :	Identifying and Managing Conflicts of Interest
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Tony Peregrin
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 445-447
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Conflit d'intérêts ; Déontologie ; Diététique ; Recherche scientifique
Résumé :	Collaboration between members of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) and the food and nutrition industry, as well as members of academia, can result in innovative research that fills the gaps in the science of food and nutrition. These relationships—when established under the standards outlined in the Code of Ethics for the Nutrition and Dietetics Profession and in the Academy’s six scientific integrity principles—can safeguard against potential conflicts of interest (COIs) and ensure that all decisions are made in the best interest of the patient or client. This article provides guidance for recognizing COIs and offers strategies for mastering these ethical conundrums.
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[article] Identifying and Managing Conflicts of Interest [Article] / Tony Peregrin . - 2020 . - p. 445-447.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 445-447

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Conflit d'intérêts ; Déontologie ; Diététique ; Recherche scientifique
Résumé :	Collaboration between members of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) and the food and nutrition industry, as well as members of academia, can result in innovative research that fills the gaps in the science of food and nutrition. These relationships—when established under the standards outlined in the Code of Ethics for the Nutrition and Dietetics Profession and in the Academy’s six scientific integrity principles—can safeguard against potential conflicts of interest (COIs) and ensure that all decisions are made in the best interest of the patient or client. This article provides guidance for recognizing COIs and offers strategies for mastering these ethical conundrums.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 448-464

Titre :	Compensation and Benefits Survey 2019
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Kelly Griswold ; Dick Rogers
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 448-464
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Diététicien ; Salaires et prestations accessoires
Résumé :	The Compensation & Benefits Survey of the Dietetics Profession continues to provide the most comprehensive and authoritative source of information on compensation in the profession. It should prove to be an asset to practitioners and their employers in all major practice settings, as well as provide reference material for self-employed nutrition/dietetics practitioners.
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[article] Compensation and Benefits Survey 2019 [Article] / Kelly Griswold ; Dick Rogers . - 2020 . - p. 448-464.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 3 (March 2020) . - p. 448-464

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Diététicien ; Salaires et prestations accessoires
Résumé :	The Compensation & Benefits Survey of the Dietetics Profession continues to provide the most comprehensive and authoritative source of information on compensation in the profession. It should prove to be an asset to practitioners and their employers in all major practice settings, as well as provide reference material for self-employed nutrition/dietetics practitioners.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 183-189, 190-192

Titre :	Athlete-Specific Treatment for Eating Disorders: Initial Findings from the Walden GOALS Program
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Matthew Stranberg ; Emily Slager ; Dara Spital ; Corinne Coia ; Paula A. Quatromoni
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 183-189, 190-192
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.07.019
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Athlètes ; Diétothérapie ; Troubles de l'alimentation
Résumé :	Eating disorders are a public health concern because of the high levels of comorbidity with other mental health diagnoses such as anxiety, depression, and the associated suicide risk. Athletes are at increased risk for eating disorders compared with the general public, and unique features of both the athlete mindset and the sport environment have been shown to relate to risks for eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, and compulsive exercise. Eating disorders in sport have a range of serious metabolic and physiologic consequences with negative effects on nearly every organ system in the body. Ultimately, chronic energy deficiency predisposes athletes to injuries and compromises performance in sport. Early identification and timely intervention are essential yet often delayed in athletes for many reasons, including low awareness of perceived risk inside the culture of sport. Untreated eating disorder symptoms have significant health, performance, and cost implications.
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[article] Athlete-Specific Treatment for Eating Disorders: Initial Findings from the Walden GOALS Program [Article] / Matthew Stranberg ; Emily Slager ; Dara Spital ; Corinne Coia ; Paula A. Quatromoni . - 2020 . - p. 183-189, 190-192.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.07.019
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 183-189, 190-192

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Athlètes ; Diétothérapie ; Troubles de l'alimentation
Résumé :	Eating disorders are a public health concern because of the high levels of comorbidity with other mental health diagnoses such as anxiety, depression, and the associated suicide risk. Athletes are at increased risk for eating disorders compared with the general public, and unique features of both the athlete mindset and the sport environment have been shown to relate to risks for eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, and compulsive exercise. Eating disorders in sport have a range of serious metabolic and physiologic consequences with negative effects on nearly every organ system in the body. Ultimately, chronic energy deficiency predisposes athletes to injuries and compromises performance in sport. Early identification and timely intervention are essential yet often delayed in athletes for many reasons, including low awareness of perceived risk inside the culture of sport. Untreated eating disorder symptoms have significant health, performance, and cost implications.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 193-196

Titre :	Crowdsourcing: A Critical Reflection on This New Frontier of Participant Recruiting in Nutrition and Dietetics Research
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Judith A. Beto ; Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras ; Cindy Leung
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 193-196
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.018
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Comportement du consommateur ; Enquêtes et questionnaires ; Logiciel ; Méthodes ; Réseaux sociaux (internet) ; Web
Résumé :	In this issue, Khandpur and colleagues1 report a study assessing the effects of the new Nutrition Facts label (NFL) compared with the current NFL on consumer purchase intentions and understanding of added sugars. A randomized controlled experiment was designed to compare a control condition with one of two label conditions. The authors reported differences in scores between the two label formats measured using a 5-point Likert scale as well as knowledge score using multiple-choice questions. What makes this study particularly intriguing is the randomized study design and the efficient use of crowdsourcing to recruit, screen, and manage over 1,000 online participants (from an initial response of over 4,000) while meeting specific inclusion criteria in a relatively short period of time.
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[article] Crowdsourcing: A Critical Reflection on This New Frontier of Participant Recruiting in Nutrition and Dietetics Research [Article] / Judith A. Beto ; Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras ; Cindy Leung . - 2020 . - p. 193-196.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.018
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 193-196

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Comportement du consommateur ; Enquêtes et questionnaires ; Logiciel ; Méthodes ; Réseaux sociaux (internet) ; Web
Résumé :	In this issue, Khandpur and colleagues1 report a study assessing the effects of the new Nutrition Facts label (NFL) compared with the current NFL on consumer purchase intentions and understanding of added sugars. A randomized controlled experiment was designed to compare a control condition with one of two label conditions. The authors reported differences in scores between the two label formats measured using a 5-point Likert scale as well as knowledge score using multiple-choice questions. What makes this study particularly intriguing is the randomized study design and the efficient use of crowdsourcing to recruit, screen, and manage over 1,000 online participants (from an initial response of over 4,000) while meeting specific inclusion criteria in a relatively short period of time.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 197-209

Titre :	The Influence of the New US Nutrition Facts Label on Consumer Perceptions and Understanding of Added Sugars: A Randomized Controlled Experiment
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Neha Khandpur ; Eric B. Rimm ; Alyssa J. Moran
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 197-209
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.008
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Comportement du consommateur ; Saccharose
Mots-clés :	Nutrition Facts labels  Essais contrôlés randomisés  Conséquences inattendues
Résumé :	Research Questions: What are consumer perceptions of added sugars and what is the extent of their support for the display of added sugars on the Nutrition Facts label (NFL)? Does the new NFL improve added sugars understanding or change purchase intentions, compared with the current NFL? Key Findings: The newly proposed NFL improved added sugars understanding, although confusion about the sources of added sugars persisted. Consumers with lower educational attainment had lower rates of support for the display of added sugars. Heterogenous effects in the purchase intentions for certain products low in added sugars was an unintended consequence of the new NFL.
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[article] The Influence of the New US Nutrition Facts Label on Consumer Perceptions and Understanding of Added Sugars: A Randomized Controlled Experiment [Article] / Neha Khandpur ; Eric B. Rimm ; Alyssa J. Moran . - 2020 . - p. 197-209.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.008
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 197-209

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Comportement du consommateur ; Saccharose
Mots-clés :	Nutrition Facts labels  Essais contrôlés randomisés  Conséquences inattendues
Résumé :	Research Questions: What are consumer perceptions of added sugars and what is the extent of their support for the display of added sugars on the Nutrition Facts label (NFL)? Does the new NFL improve added sugars understanding or change purchase intentions, compared with the current NFL? Key Findings: The newly proposed NFL improved added sugars understanding, although confusion about the sources of added sugars persisted. Consumers with lower educational attainment had lower rates of support for the display of added sugars. Heterogenous effects in the purchase intentions for certain products low in added sugars was an unintended consequence of the new NFL.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 210-218

Titre :	Universal Access to Free School Meals through the Community Eligibility Provision Is Associated with Better Attendance for Low-Income Elementary School Students in Wisconsin
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Judith S. Bartfeld ; Lawrence Berger ; Fei Men
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 210-218
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.07.022
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Ecole ; Présentéisme ; Repas ; Restauration scolaire
Mots-clés :	Community Eligibility Provision (CEP)  Fréquentation scolaire  Repas gratuit
Résumé :	Research Question: Is the availability of free meals for all students associated with elementary school children’s school attendance? Key Findings: In this quasi-experimental study that included 3 years of observations in 37 treatment and 108 control schools, student attendance increased in schools that implemented universal free meals through the Community Eligibility Provision, relative to attendance changes in eligible-but-not-participating schools. These gains emerged in the second year of implementation, when the availability of universally free meals was associated with a statistically significant decrease of 3.5 percentage points in the percent of students missing at least 5% of annual schooldays, compared with attendance changes in control schools.
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[article] Universal Access to Free School Meals through the Community Eligibility Provision Is Associated with Better Attendance for Low-Income Elementary School Students in Wisconsin [Article] / Judith S. Bartfeld ; Lawrence Berger ; Fei Men . - 2020 . - p. 210-218.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.07.022
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 210-218

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Ecole ; Présentéisme ; Repas ; Restauration scolaire
Mots-clés :	Community Eligibility Provision (CEP)  Fréquentation scolaire  Repas gratuit
Résumé :	Research Question: Is the availability of free meals for all students associated with elementary school children’s school attendance? Key Findings: In this quasi-experimental study that included 3 years of observations in 37 treatment and 108 control schools, student attendance increased in schools that implemented universal free meals through the Community Eligibility Provision, relative to attendance changes in eligible-but-not-participating schools. These gains emerged in the second year of implementation, when the availability of universally free meals was associated with a statistically significant decrease of 3.5 percentage points in the percent of students missing at least 5% of annual schooldays, compared with attendance changes in control schools.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 219-229

Titre :	Undernutrition at PICU Admission Is Predictor of 60-Day Mortality and PICU Length of Stay in Critically Ill Children
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Julia Carvalho Ventura ; Daniela Barbieri Hauschild ; Eliana Barbosa ; Nilzete Liberato Bresolin ; Kosuke Kawai ; Nilesh M. Mehta ; Yara Maria Franco Moreno
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 219-229
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.250
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Durée du séjour ; État nutritionnel ; Malnutrition ; Mortalité ; Unités de soins intensifs pédiatriques
Résumé :	Research Question: What nutritional variables in the first 4 days of pediatric intensive care unit stay predict 60-day mortality and time to discharge alive from the pediatric intensive care unit in critically ill children? Key Findings: Single-center, prospective observational study of 199 critically ill children. After adjusting for sex, age, Pediatric Index of Mortality 2, and complex chronic conditions, undernutrition, based on body mass index-for-age, mid-upper arm circumference-for-age, and triceps skinfold thickness-for-age, was predictive of 60-day mortality. Using the same adjustment model, undernutrition by mid-upper arm circumference-for-age was predictive of longer time to discharge alive from the pediatric intensive care unit.
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[article] Undernutrition at PICU Admission Is Predictor of 60-Day Mortality and PICU Length of Stay in Critically Ill Children [Article] / Julia Carvalho Ventura ; Daniela Barbieri Hauschild ; Eliana Barbosa ; Nilzete Liberato Bresolin ; Kosuke Kawai ; Nilesh M. Mehta ; Yara Maria Franco Moreno . - 2020 . - p. 219-229.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.250
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 219-229

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Durée du séjour ; État nutritionnel ; Malnutrition ; Mortalité ; Unités de soins intensifs pédiatriques
Résumé :	Research Question: What nutritional variables in the first 4 days of pediatric intensive care unit stay predict 60-day mortality and time to discharge alive from the pediatric intensive care unit in critically ill children? Key Findings: Single-center, prospective observational study of 199 critically ill children. After adjusting for sex, age, Pediatric Index of Mortality 2, and complex chronic conditions, undernutrition, based on body mass index-for-age, mid-upper arm circumference-for-age, and triceps skinfold thickness-for-age, was predictive of 60-day mortality. Using the same adjustment model, undernutrition by mid-upper arm circumference-for-age was predictive of longer time to discharge alive from the pediatric intensive care unit.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 230-244

Titre :	Resistant Starch Content in Foods Commonly Consumed in the United States: A Narrative Review
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Mindy A. Patterson ; Madhura Maiya ; Maria Stewart
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 230-244
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.019
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Amidon résistant ; Analyse d'aliment ; Fibre alimentaire
Mots-clés :	Sensibilité à l'insuline  Allégations nutritionnelles et de santé
Résumé :	Research Question: What are the foods consumed in the United States that contain resistant starch (RS) and how much RS do they contain? Key Findings: In this narrative review, foods containing RS were identified, which include breads, cereals, cakes and muffins, chips and snacks, cookies and crackers, bananas and plantains, grains, noodles and pasta, rice, legumes, potatoes, and hazelnuts. Barley, potatoes, and rice with higher amylose concentrations have more RS then lower amylose varieties, and foods cooked then chilled have higher RS than foods cooked without chilling.
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[article] Resistant Starch Content in Foods Commonly Consumed in the United States: A Narrative Review [Article] / Mindy A. Patterson ; Madhura Maiya ; Maria Stewart . - 2020 . - p. 230-244.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.10.019
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 230-244

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Amidon résistant ; Analyse d'aliment ; Fibre alimentaire
Mots-clés :	Sensibilité à l'insuline  Allégations nutritionnelles et de santé
Résumé :	Research Question: What are the foods consumed in the United States that contain resistant starch (RS) and how much RS do they contain? Key Findings: In this narrative review, foods containing RS were identified, which include breads, cereals, cakes and muffins, chips and snacks, cookies and crackers, bananas and plantains, grains, noodles and pasta, rice, legumes, potatoes, and hazelnuts. Barley, potatoes, and rice with higher amylose concentrations have more RS then lower amylose varieties, and foods cooked then chilled have higher RS than foods cooked without chilling.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 245-257

Titre :	Evaluating the Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Comparison with a 7-Day Dietary Record for Measuring Dietary Intake in a Population of Survivors of Colorectal Cancer
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Janna L. Koole ; Martijn J. L. Bours ; José Breedveld-peters ; Eline H. van Roekel ; Martien C.J. M. van Dongen ; Simone J.P. M. Eussen ; Moniek van Zutphen ; Fränzel J.B. van Duijnhoven ; Hendriek C. Boshuizen ; Matty P. Weijenberg
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 245-257
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.008
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Journaux alimentaires ; Nutriments ; Tumeurs du côlon
Mots-clés :	Questionnaire sur la fréquence de l'alimentation
Résumé :	Research Question: What is the validity of a food frequency questionnaire compared with a 7-day dietary record for measuring dietary intake in a population of survivors of colorectal cancer? Key Findings: Validity was evaluated in 100 survivors of colorectal cancer participating in an ongoing prospective study. Spearman rank correlations corrected for within-person variation ranged between 0.14 and 0.91 (median=0.60) for 19 nutrients and total energy and between 0.31 and 0.99 (median=0.62) for 20 food groups.
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[article] Evaluating the Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Comparison with a 7-Day Dietary Record for Measuring Dietary Intake in a Population of Survivors of Colorectal Cancer [Article] / Janna L. Koole ; Martijn J. L. Bours ; José Breedveld-peters ; Eline H. van Roekel ; Martien C.J. M. van Dongen ; Simone J.P. M. Eussen ; Moniek van Zutphen ; Fränzel J.B. van Duijnhoven ; Hendriek C. Boshuizen ; Matty P. Weijenberg . - 2020 . - p. 245-257.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.008
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 245-257

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Journaux alimentaires ; Nutriments ; Tumeurs du côlon
Mots-clés :	Questionnaire sur la fréquence de l'alimentation
Résumé :	Research Question: What is the validity of a food frequency questionnaire compared with a 7-day dietary record for measuring dietary intake in a population of survivors of colorectal cancer? Key Findings: Validity was evaluated in 100 survivors of colorectal cancer participating in an ongoing prospective study. Spearman rank correlations corrected for within-person variation ranged between 0.14 and 0.91 (median=0.60) for 19 nutrients and total energy and between 0.31 and 0.99 (median=0.62) for 20 food groups.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 258-269

Titre :	Ratios of Food Amounts across Three Portion Size Categories on a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Men and Women
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Minji Kang ; Song-Yi Park ; Carol J. Boushey ; Lynne R. Wilkens ; Loïc Le Marchand ; Laurence N. Kolonel ; Suzanne P. Murphy ; Hee-Young Paik
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 258-269
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.175
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Femmes ; Homme ; Taille de portion
Mots-clés :	Questionnaire sur la fréquence de l'alimentation  Rappel alimentaire sur 24 heures  Étude de cohorte multiethnique
Résumé :	Background: For some quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) items, data may be insufficient to set gram weights for multiple portion size (PS) categories. Ratios of food amounts across PS categories may be used to quantify these PS for less frequently consumed food items. Objective: To explore the ratios of food amounts reported in 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) by a sample of participants in a cohort study who chose the A (smallest) or C (largest) PS category on the QFFQ, relative to the food amounts for those who chose the B PS category. Design: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional design. Participants/setting: Data were from participants (n=2,360) who completed three 24HDRs and the QFFQ in a calibration study of the Multiethnic Cohort Study in 1994-1997. Main outcome measures: Median food amounts were calculated from 24HDRs for participants who selected each PS category (A, smallest; B; and C, largest) of items on the QFFQ. A-to-B and C-to-B ratios were computed if reported by five or more people in the 24HDRs: A-to-B ratios for 68 items (men) and 88 items (women); C-to-B ratios for 93 items (men) and 79 items (women). Statistical analyses performed: The t test was used to compare the mean A-to-B ratios and C-to-B ratios as preset on the QFFQ with those from the 24HDRs and to examine sex differences. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean ratios among race and ethnicity groups. Results: Mean A-to-B and C-to-B ratios were 0.71±0.15 and 1.45±0.35 in men and 0.71±0.15 and 1.44±0.40 in women based on the 24HDRs. Compared with the original QFFQ PS (A-to-B ratio=0.5±0.07; C-to-B ratio=1.8±0.30), the ratios were closer to 1 both in men and women (P Conclusions: These results provide guidance on appropriate ratios to use to set values for small and large PS categories on a QFFQ, particularly for items with insufficient information on usual PS.
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[article] Ratios of Food Amounts across Three Portion Size Categories on a Food Frequency Questionnaire in Men and Women [Article] / Minji Kang ; Song-Yi Park ; Carol J. Boushey ; Lynne R. Wilkens ; Loïc Le Marchand ; Laurence N. Kolonel ; Suzanne P. Murphy ; Hee-Young Paik . - 2020 . - p. 258-269.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.175
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 258-269

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Femmes ; Homme ; Taille de portion
Mots-clés :	Questionnaire sur la fréquence de l'alimentation  Rappel alimentaire sur 24 heures  Étude de cohorte multiethnique
Résumé :	Background: For some quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) items, data may be insufficient to set gram weights for multiple portion size (PS) categories. Ratios of food amounts across PS categories may be used to quantify these PS for less frequently consumed food items. Objective: To explore the ratios of food amounts reported in 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) by a sample of participants in a cohort study who chose the A (smallest) or C (largest) PS category on the QFFQ, relative to the food amounts for those who chose the B PS category. Design: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional design. Participants/setting: Data were from participants (n=2,360) who completed three 24HDRs and the QFFQ in a calibration study of the Multiethnic Cohort Study in 1994-1997. Main outcome measures: Median food amounts were calculated from 24HDRs for participants who selected each PS category (A, smallest; B; and C, largest) of items on the QFFQ. A-to-B and C-to-B ratios were computed if reported by five or more people in the 24HDRs: A-to-B ratios for 68 items (men) and 88 items (women); C-to-B ratios for 93 items (men) and 79 items (women). Statistical analyses performed: The t test was used to compare the mean A-to-B ratios and C-to-B ratios as preset on the QFFQ with those from the 24HDRs and to examine sex differences. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean ratios among race and ethnicity groups. Results: Mean A-to-B and C-to-B ratios were 0.71±0.15 and 1.45±0.35 in men and 0.71±0.15 and 1.44±0.40 in women based on the 24HDRs. Compared with the original QFFQ PS (A-to-B ratio=0.5±0.07; C-to-B ratio=1.8±0.30), the ratios were closer to 1 both in men and women (P Conclusions: These results provide guidance on appropriate ratios to use to set values for small and large PS categories on a QFFQ, particularly for items with insufficient information on usual PS.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 270-279

Titre :	The Contribution of Snacking to Overall Diet Intake among an Ethnically and Racially Diverse Population of Boys and Girls
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Katie A. Loth ; Allan Tate ; Amanda Trofholz ; Jennifer Orlet Fisher ; Dianne Neumark-Sztainer ; Jerica M. Berge
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 270-279
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.173
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Casse-croute ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Minorités
Mots-clés :	Indice d'alimentation saine
Résumé :	Background: Children in low-income and minority populations are at risk for poor dietary quality. At least one-third of the calories consumed by children are eaten between meals (ie, snacks). The contribution of snacking to diet quality among children is poorly understood. Objective: The current study examined associations between snacking and children’s diet quality along with differences across ethnicity or race, sex, and weight status. Design: Cross-sectional data came from Phase I of the Family Matters Study, an observational study. Participants/setting: This study included 150 families with children aged 5 to 7 years old from six ethnic or racial groups (n=25 from each: African American, Hispanic, Hmong, Native American, Somali, non-Hispanic white); data were collected in Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN in 2017-2018. Main outcome measures: Total daily energy (kilocalories), overall diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010), and food group intakes (eg, fruit, vegetables, refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages [SSB]) were assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls. Statistical analyses performed: Conditional fixed effects estimators (within-child variation) were used in regression analyses to characterize the relationship between daily snacking and dietary intake relative to dietary intake at all other daily meal occasions. Mean (±standard deviation) overall dietary intake including all meals and snacks was compared with mean (±standard deviation) intake of meals only. Results: Among boys, snacking was found to contribute positively to HEI-2010 scores (HEI-2010=57.6, HEI-2010 without snacks=55.0; effect size [ES]=0.28, P=0.03). Snacking was an important source of fruit (ES=0.71) and dairy (ES=0.53), but also contributed to children’s consumption of refined grains (ES=0.68) and SSB (ES=0.31). Very few vegetables were consumed as snacks. Furthermore, snacks contributed more to the overall diet quality (HEI-2010) of Native American (ES=0.30) and Somali (ES=0.35) youth as compared with youth from other ethnic or racial backgrounds. Conclusions: Findings suggest that snacks have the potential to improve diet quality in children. Future research should examine influences on children’s food choices at snack times and barriers to serving more healthful foods as snacks that are faced by ethnically or racially diverse families.
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[article] The Contribution of Snacking to Overall Diet Intake among an Ethnically and Racially Diverse Population of Boys and Girls [Article] / Katie A. Loth ; Allan Tate ; Amanda Trofholz ; Jennifer Orlet Fisher ; Dianne Neumark-Sztainer ; Jerica M. Berge . - 2020 . - p. 270-279.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.173
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 270-279

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Casse-croute ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Minorités
Mots-clés :	Indice d'alimentation saine
Résumé :	Background: Children in low-income and minority populations are at risk for poor dietary quality. At least one-third of the calories consumed by children are eaten between meals (ie, snacks). The contribution of snacking to diet quality among children is poorly understood. Objective: The current study examined associations between snacking and children’s diet quality along with differences across ethnicity or race, sex, and weight status. Design: Cross-sectional data came from Phase I of the Family Matters Study, an observational study. Participants/setting: This study included 150 families with children aged 5 to 7 years old from six ethnic or racial groups (n=25 from each: African American, Hispanic, Hmong, Native American, Somali, non-Hispanic white); data were collected in Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN in 2017-2018. Main outcome measures: Total daily energy (kilocalories), overall diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010), and food group intakes (eg, fruit, vegetables, refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages [SSB]) were assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls. Statistical analyses performed: Conditional fixed effects estimators (within-child variation) were used in regression analyses to characterize the relationship between daily snacking and dietary intake relative to dietary intake at all other daily meal occasions. Mean (±standard deviation) overall dietary intake including all meals and snacks was compared with mean (±standard deviation) intake of meals only. Results: Among boys, snacking was found to contribute positively to HEI-2010 scores (HEI-2010=57.6, HEI-2010 without snacks=55.0; effect size [ES]=0.28, P=0.03). Snacking was an important source of fruit (ES=0.71) and dairy (ES=0.53), but also contributed to children’s consumption of refined grains (ES=0.68) and SSB (ES=0.31). Very few vegetables were consumed as snacks. Furthermore, snacks contributed more to the overall diet quality (HEI-2010) of Native American (ES=0.30) and Somali (ES=0.35) youth as compared with youth from other ethnic or racial backgrounds. Conclusions: Findings suggest that snacks have the potential to improve diet quality in children. Future research should examine influences on children’s food choices at snack times and barriers to serving more healthful foods as snacks that are faced by ethnically or racially diverse families.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 280-287

Titre :	Dietary Inflammatory Index Score and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino ; Maria Correa-Rodríguez ; Jose-Luis Callejas-Rubio ; Raquel Ríos-Fernández ; Maria Martín-Amada ; Maria-Gracia Cruz-Caparros ; Blanca Rueda-Medina ; Norberto Ortego-Centeno
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 280-287
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.007
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Consommation alimentaire ; Femmes ; Inflammation ; Lupus érythémateux disséminé ; Maladies auto-immunes ; Maladies cardiovasculaires
Résumé :	Background: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Environmental factors like diet and nutrition are known to play a key role in modulating inflammation and the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To investigate the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index score and cardiovascular disease risk markers in a population of women with SLE. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in women with SLE recruited from 2016 through 2017. Participants/settings: Clinically stable women with SLE were enrolled from three public hospitals in the Andalusian region of Spain. Participants with chronic renal failure, active infections, recent trauma, pregnancy, and/or other autoimmune diseases were excluded. Main outcome measures: A 24-hour diet recall was used to estimate Dietary Inflammatory Index score and physical activity was assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires. Cardiovascular disease risk markers included blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and homocysteine levels, along with diagnosis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and ankle-brachial index measurement. Statistical analysis: Comparisons of cardiovascular disease risk markers across Dietary Inflammatory Index score tertiles were analyzed through a one-way analysis of variance and linear regressions adjusting for age, physical activity level, and medical treatment. Results: A total of 105 women (aged 45.4±12.8 years) were included. Linear regression analysis revealed that Dietary Inflammatory Index score was significantly associated with total cholesterol levels (β=.26, 95% CI 1.66 to 14.28; P=0.014) after adjusting for age, physical activity, and the use of medical treatment. No significant associations were observed between Dietary Inflammatory Index score and the other cardiovascular markers considered. Conclusions: Higher inflammatory potential of the diet was positively associated with higher total cholesterol levels in women with SLE. These findings suggest that the inflammatory potential of a person’s diet may play a role in lipid profiles in this population. Future intervention studies are needed to build on these results and explore the effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health outcomes in individuals with SLE.
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[article] Dietary Inflammatory Index Score and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [Article] / Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino ; Maria Correa-Rodríguez ; Jose-Luis Callejas-Rubio ; Raquel Ríos-Fernández ; Maria Martín-Amada ; Maria-Gracia Cruz-Caparros ; Blanca Rueda-Medina ; Norberto Ortego-Centeno . - 2020 . - p. 280-287.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.007
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 280-287

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Consommation alimentaire ; Femmes ; Inflammation ; Lupus érythémateux disséminé ; Maladies auto-immunes ; Maladies cardiovasculaires
Résumé :	Background: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Environmental factors like diet and nutrition are known to play a key role in modulating inflammation and the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To investigate the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index score and cardiovascular disease risk markers in a population of women with SLE. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in women with SLE recruited from 2016 through 2017. Participants/settings: Clinically stable women with SLE were enrolled from three public hospitals in the Andalusian region of Spain. Participants with chronic renal failure, active infections, recent trauma, pregnancy, and/or other autoimmune diseases were excluded. Main outcome measures: A 24-hour diet recall was used to estimate Dietary Inflammatory Index score and physical activity was assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires. Cardiovascular disease risk markers included blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and homocysteine levels, along with diagnosis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and ankle-brachial index measurement. Statistical analysis: Comparisons of cardiovascular disease risk markers across Dietary Inflammatory Index score tertiles were analyzed through a one-way analysis of variance and linear regressions adjusting for age, physical activity level, and medical treatment. Results: A total of 105 women (aged 45.4±12.8 years) were included. Linear regression analysis revealed that Dietary Inflammatory Index score was significantly associated with total cholesterol levels (β=.26, 95% CI 1.66 to 14.28; P=0.014) after adjusting for age, physical activity, and the use of medical treatment. No significant associations were observed between Dietary Inflammatory Index score and the other cardiovascular markers considered. Conclusions: Higher inflammatory potential of the diet was positively associated with higher total cholesterol levels in women with SLE. These findings suggest that the inflammatory potential of a person’s diet may play a role in lipid profiles in this population. Future intervention studies are needed to build on these results and explore the effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health outcomes in individuals with SLE.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 288-318.e2

Titre :	Validity and Reliability of Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tools for Hospital, Outpatient, and Community Settings: A 2018 Evidence Analysis Center Systematic Review
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Patricia J. Becker ; Sarah Gunnell Bellini ; Molly Wong Vega ; M. Corkins ; Bonnie A. Spear ; Elizabeth Spoede ; Mary Katherine Hoy ; Tami A. Piemonte ; Mary Rozga
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 288-318.e2
Note générale :	doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.257
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adolescent ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Etudes de validation ; Malnutrition ; Pédiatrie
Résumé :	Background: Nutrition screening tools are used to identify risk of malnutrition or change in risk of malnutrition. However, it is unclear which tools have demonstrated high validity, reliability, and agreement. Objective: Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of valid and reliable pediatric nutrition screening tools for identifying malnutrition risk (under- or overnutrition), and to determine whether there are differences in validity and reliability according to users of the tools. Methods: A literature search using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases was conducted to identify relevant research published between 1995 and May 2017 examining validity and reliability of nutrition screening tools in the pediatric population. A multidisciplinary workgroup developed eligibility criteria, data were extracted and summarized, risk of bias was assessed, and evidence strength was graded, according to a standard process. Results: Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. Thirteen pediatric nutrition screening tools designed for various settings were included in the review (seven inpatient/hospital, three outpatient or specialty setting, and three community). The most frequently examined tools were the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (13 studies each), and Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (nine studies). No tools demonstrated high validity. Reliability and agreement were reported infrequently. Conclusions: Nutrition screening tools with good/strong or fair evidence and moderate validity included the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, and Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score in the inpatient setting and Nutrition Risk Screening Tool for Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis in the specialty setting. No tools in the community setting met these criteria. While differences in validity and reliability measures among tool users were found, the significance of these findings is unclear. Limitations included few studies examining each tool, heterogeneity between studies examining a common tool, and lack of tools that included currently recommended indicators to identify pediatric malnutrition.
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[article] Validity and Reliability of Pediatric Nutrition Screening Tools for Hospital, Outpatient, and Community Settings: A 2018 Evidence Analysis Center Systematic Review [Article] / Patricia J. Becker ; Sarah Gunnell Bellini ; Molly Wong Vega ; M. Corkins ; Bonnie A. Spear ; Elizabeth Spoede ; Mary Katherine Hoy ; Tami A. Piemonte ; Mary Rozga . - 2020 . - p. 288-318.e2.
doi:10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.257
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 2 (February 2020) . - p. 288-318.e2

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Adolescent ; Enfant (6-12 ans) ; Etudes de validation ; Malnutrition ; Pédiatrie
Résumé :	Background: Nutrition screening tools are used to identify risk of malnutrition or change in risk of malnutrition. However, it is unclear which tools have demonstrated high validity, reliability, and agreement. Objective: Our aim was to conduct a systematic review of valid and reliable pediatric nutrition screening tools for identifying malnutrition risk (under- or overnutrition), and to determine whether there are differences in validity and reliability according to users of the tools. Methods: A literature search using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases was conducted to identify relevant research published between 1995 and May 2017 examining validity and reliability of nutrition screening tools in the pediatric population. A multidisciplinary workgroup developed eligibility criteria, data were extracted and summarized, risk of bias was assessed, and evidence strength was graded, according to a standard process. Results: Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria. Thirteen pediatric nutrition screening tools designed for various settings were included in the review (seven inpatient/hospital, three outpatient or specialty setting, and three community). The most frequently examined tools were the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (13 studies each), and Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (nine studies). No tools demonstrated high validity. Reliability and agreement were reported infrequently. Conclusions: Nutrition screening tools with good/strong or fair evidence and moderate validity included the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics, Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth, and Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score in the inpatient setting and Nutrition Risk Screening Tool for Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis in the specialty setting. No tools in the community setting met these criteria. While differences in validity and reliability measures among tool users were found, the significance of these findings is unclear. Limitations included few studies examining each tool, heterogeneity between studies examining a common tool, and lack of tools that included currently recommended indicators to identify pediatric malnutrition.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 23-32

Titre :	Added Sugars Intake among US Infants and Toddlers
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Kirsten A. Herrick ; Cheryl D. Fryar ; Heather C. Hamner ; Sohyun Park ; Cynthia L. Ogden
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 23-32
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Nourrisson ; Nutrition ; Sondage ; Sucre alimentaire
Résumé :	Background Limited information is available on added sugars consumption in US infants and toddlers. Objectives To present national estimates of added sugars intake among US infants and toddlers by sociodemographic characteristics, to identify top sources of added sugars, and to examine trends in added sugars intake. Design Cross-sectional analysis of 1 day of 24-hour dietary recall data. Participants/setting A nationally representative sample of US infants aged 0 to 11 months and toddlers aged 12 to 23 months (n=1,211) during the period from 2011 through 2016 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Trends were assessed from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 (n=2,795). Main outcome measures Among infants and toddlers, the proportion consuming any added sugars, the average amount of added sugars consumed, percent of total energy from added sugars, and top sources of added sugars intake. Statistical analysis Paired t tests were used to compare differences by age, sex, race/Hispanic origin, family income level, and head of household education level. Trends were tested using orthogonal polynomials. Significance was set at P Results During 2011 to 2016, 84.4% of infants and toddlers consumed added sugars on a given day. A greater proportion of toddlers (98.3%) consumed added sugars than infants (60.6%). The mean amount of added sugars toddlers consumed was also more compared with infants (5.8 vs 0.9 tsp). Non-Hispanic black toddlers (8.2 tsp) consumed more added sugars than non-Hispanic Asian (3.7 tsp), non-Hispanic white (5.3 tsp), and Hispanic (5.9 tsp) toddlers. A similar pattern was observed for percent energy from added sugars. For infants, top sources of added sugars were yogurt, baby food snacks/sweets, and sweet bakery products; top sources among toddlers were fruit drinks, sugars/sweets, and sweet bakery products. The mean amount of added sugars decreased from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 for both age groups; however, percent energy from added sugars only decreased among infants. Conclusion Added sugars intake was observed among infants/toddlers and varied by age and race and Hispanic origin. Added sugars intake, as a percent of energy, decreased only among infants from 2005 to 2016.
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[article] Added Sugars Intake among US Infants and Toddlers [Article] / Kirsten A. Herrick ; Cheryl D. Fryar ; Heather C. Hamner ; Sohyun Park ; Cynthia L. Ogden . - 2020 . - p. 23-32.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 23-32

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Nourrisson ; Nutrition ; Sondage ; Sucre alimentaire
Résumé :	Background Limited information is available on added sugars consumption in US infants and toddlers. Objectives To present national estimates of added sugars intake among US infants and toddlers by sociodemographic characteristics, to identify top sources of added sugars, and to examine trends in added sugars intake. Design Cross-sectional analysis of 1 day of 24-hour dietary recall data. Participants/setting A nationally representative sample of US infants aged 0 to 11 months and toddlers aged 12 to 23 months (n=1,211) during the period from 2011 through 2016 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Trends were assessed from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 (n=2,795). Main outcome measures Among infants and toddlers, the proportion consuming any added sugars, the average amount of added sugars consumed, percent of total energy from added sugars, and top sources of added sugars intake. Statistical analysis Paired t tests were used to compare differences by age, sex, race/Hispanic origin, family income level, and head of household education level. Trends were tested using orthogonal polynomials. Significance was set at P Results During 2011 to 2016, 84.4% of infants and toddlers consumed added sugars on a given day. A greater proportion of toddlers (98.3%) consumed added sugars than infants (60.6%). The mean amount of added sugars toddlers consumed was also more compared with infants (5.8 vs 0.9 tsp). Non-Hispanic black toddlers (8.2 tsp) consumed more added sugars than non-Hispanic Asian (3.7 tsp), non-Hispanic white (5.3 tsp), and Hispanic (5.9 tsp) toddlers. A similar pattern was observed for percent energy from added sugars. For infants, top sources of added sugars were yogurt, baby food snacks/sweets, and sweet bakery products; top sources among toddlers were fruit drinks, sugars/sweets, and sweet bakery products. The mean amount of added sugars decreased from 2005-2006 through 2015-2016 for both age groups; however, percent energy from added sugars only decreased among infants. Conclusion Added sugars intake was observed among infants/toddlers and varied by age and race and Hispanic origin. Added sugars intake, as a percent of energy, decreased only among infants from 2005 to 2016.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 33-44

Titre :	Challenges, Opportunities, and Motivators for Developing and Applying Food Literacy in a University Setting : A Qualitative Study
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Hannah Malan ; Tyler D. Watson ; Wendelin Slusser ; Deborah Glik ; Amy C. Rowat ; Michael Prelip
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 33-44
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Compétence informationnelle en santé ; Education nutritionnelle ; Enseignement supérieur ; Étudiants ; Recherche qualitative
Résumé :	Background Evolving norms and complex food environments may require new skill sets and mind-sets to maintain a healthy diet. Food literacy acknowledges the influence of external factors in shaping a person’s development and application of the knowledge, skills, and behaviors required for healthy eating. Food literacy among college students is not well understood; however, higher education presents a unique opportunity for promoting food literacy. Objective This study aimed to identify a range of challenges, opportunities, and motivators for students to develop and apply food literacy in a university setting. Design Eleven focus groups were conducted with four student subpopulations: three with residential undergraduates, three with off-campus undergraduates, three with graduate students, and two with students using food security resources. Participants/setting Eighty-two students enrolled at a large, diverse, public university in an urban setting in California. Analysis Guided by an ecological perspective, transcripts were analyzed using an integrated approach. This involved an inductive development of themes and deductive organization of themes according to research aims. Results We developed a novel model as a starting point for understanding and addressing the dynamic challenges, opportunities, and motivators for students to develop and apply food literacy. Challenges include the physical food environment, confusing information, capacity and resource constraints, and social tensions. Opportunities include media and the Internet, academic courses, peer learning, campus resources, and dining halls. Motivators include health, social responsibility, personal development, and enjoyment and bonding. Conclusions Students view college as an appropriate time to develop food literacy and the university as a trusted partner. However, efforts to promote food literacy should acknowledge perceived challenges and varying motivations for engaging with food.
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[article] Challenges, Opportunities, and Motivators for Developing and Applying Food Literacy in a University Setting : A Qualitative Study [Article] / Hannah Malan ; Tyler D. Watson ; Wendelin Slusser ; Deborah Glik ; Amy C. Rowat ; Michael Prelip . - 2020 . - p. 33-44.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 33-44

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Compétence informationnelle en santé ; Education nutritionnelle ; Enseignement supérieur ; Étudiants ; Recherche qualitative
Résumé :	Background Evolving norms and complex food environments may require new skill sets and mind-sets to maintain a healthy diet. Food literacy acknowledges the influence of external factors in shaping a person’s development and application of the knowledge, skills, and behaviors required for healthy eating. Food literacy among college students is not well understood; however, higher education presents a unique opportunity for promoting food literacy. Objective This study aimed to identify a range of challenges, opportunities, and motivators for students to develop and apply food literacy in a university setting. Design Eleven focus groups were conducted with four student subpopulations: three with residential undergraduates, three with off-campus undergraduates, three with graduate students, and two with students using food security resources. Participants/setting Eighty-two students enrolled at a large, diverse, public university in an urban setting in California. Analysis Guided by an ecological perspective, transcripts were analyzed using an integrated approach. This involved an inductive development of themes and deductive organization of themes according to research aims. Results We developed a novel model as a starting point for understanding and addressing the dynamic challenges, opportunities, and motivators for students to develop and apply food literacy. Challenges include the physical food environment, confusing information, capacity and resource constraints, and social tensions. Opportunities include media and the Internet, academic courses, peer learning, campus resources, and dining halls. Motivators include health, social responsibility, personal development, and enjoyment and bonding. Conclusions Students view college as an appropriate time to develop food literacy and the university as a trusted partner. However, efforts to promote food literacy should acknowledge perceived challenges and varying motivations for engaging with food.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 45-52

Titre :	Variations in Marginal Taste Perception by Body Mass Index Classification: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Aaron C. Miller ; Linnea A. Polgreen ; Elena M. Segre ; Philip M. Polgreen
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 45-52
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Chocolat ; Etiquetage des aliments ; Obésité ; Perception du goût ; Préférences alimentaires
Résumé :	Background The propensity to overeat may, in part, be a function of the satisfaction derived from eating. If levels of satisfaction derived from food differ among normal-weight, overweight, and obese adults, the quantification of satisfaction from food may help explain why some people eat more than others. Objective To quantify the satisfaction obtained from eating one specific food, chocolate, by measuring taste perception as normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants consumed additional pieces of chocolate. To measure the effect of nutritional information on chocolate consumption. Design Randomized, controlled trial. Participants/setting We analyzed data on 290 adults; 161 had a body mass index (BMI) that was considered normal ( Intervention Participants were given samples of chocolate, one at a time, until they chose to stop eating. With each sample, participants were given a questionnaire. Half of the study participants were randomly selected to receive nutritional information (n=150). Main outcome measures Perceived taste for each sample. Statistical analyses performed We used time-series-regression to model perceived taste changes while controlling for participant characteristics. Results Study participants consumed between 2 and 51 pieces of chocolate with a mean of 12.1 pieces. Average taste perception decreased with each piece. We found no significant difference in taste perceptions between normal- and overweight participants. However, obese participants had higher levels of initial taste perception than normal- and overweight participants (P=0.02). Also, obese participants reported taste perceptions that declined at a more gradual rate than normal- and overweight participants (P Conclusions Obese participants started with higher levels of perceived taste and also experienced slower rates of decline than did normal-weight and overweight individuals.
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[article] Variations in Marginal Taste Perception by Body Mass Index Classification: A Randomized Controlled Trial [Article] / Aaron C. Miller ; Linnea A. Polgreen ; Elena M. Segre ; Philip M. Polgreen . - 2020 . - p. 45-52.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 45-52

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Chocolat ; Etiquetage des aliments ; Obésité ; Perception du goût ; Préférences alimentaires
Résumé :	Background The propensity to overeat may, in part, be a function of the satisfaction derived from eating. If levels of satisfaction derived from food differ among normal-weight, overweight, and obese adults, the quantification of satisfaction from food may help explain why some people eat more than others. Objective To quantify the satisfaction obtained from eating one specific food, chocolate, by measuring taste perception as normal-weight, overweight, and obese participants consumed additional pieces of chocolate. To measure the effect of nutritional information on chocolate consumption. Design Randomized, controlled trial. Participants/setting We analyzed data on 290 adults; 161 had a body mass index (BMI) that was considered normal ( Intervention Participants were given samples of chocolate, one at a time, until they chose to stop eating. With each sample, participants were given a questionnaire. Half of the study participants were randomly selected to receive nutritional information (n=150). Main outcome measures Perceived taste for each sample. Statistical analyses performed We used time-series-regression to model perceived taste changes while controlling for participant characteristics. Results Study participants consumed between 2 and 51 pieces of chocolate with a mean of 12.1 pieces. Average taste perception decreased with each piece. We found no significant difference in taste perceptions between normal- and overweight participants. However, obese participants had higher levels of initial taste perception than normal- and overweight participants (P=0.02). Also, obese participants reported taste perceptions that declined at a more gradual rate than normal- and overweight participants (P Conclusions Obese participants started with higher levels of perceived taste and also experienced slower rates of decline than did normal-weight and overweight individuals.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 53-68

Titre :	Effects of an Evidence-Informed Healthy Eating Blog on Dietary Intakes and Food-Related Behaviors of Mothers of Preschool- and School-Aged Children : A Randomized Controlled Trial
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Audrée-Anne Dumas ; Simone Lemieux ; Annie Lapointe ; Véronique Provencher ; Julie Robitaille ; Sophie Desroches
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 53-68
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Apprentissage ; Blog ; Essai contrôlé randomisé ; Recherche médicale translationnelle ; Régime alimentaire sain
Mots-clés :	changement comportemental
Résumé :	Background Although social media such as blogs are still considered innovative communication technologies, some registered dietitians (RDs) are using them to promote healthy eating; however, evidence regarding the effects of healthy eating blogs on users’ diet is lacking. Objective This study evaluated the effects of an evidence-informed healthy eating blog written by an RD on dietary intakes, with a focus on vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives consumption, and food-related behaviors of Canadian mothers. Design This study was a parallel, randomized, controlled trial. Participants/setting Data were collected from 84 French-speaking adult mothers of children aged between 2 and 12 years living in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, who were recruited between October 2015 and February 2017 using institutional e-mail lists, flyers, newspapers, social media advertisements, and word of mouth. Intervention The intervention was exclusively delivered through an evidence-informed healthy eating blog—integrating theory-based intervention methods to improve diet quality by increasing vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives consumption in mothers—for 6 months at a dose of one new post written by an RD each week. Mothers could engage with the RD and fellow participants by posting comments on the blog. Main outcome measures Main outcomes were daily intakes of vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives. Outcome assessments were performed at baseline, 3 months, and at the end of the 6-month intervention. Statistical analysis Differences between the groups were examined using mixed linear models. Results At 6 months, no significant difference was observed between groups for intakes of vegetables and fruit (P=0.923), milk and alternatives (P=0.271), or food-related behaviors and body weight (P=0.180). Conclusions A healthy eating blog, at a dose of 1 post per week, had no effects on dietary intakes, food-related behaviors, and body weight of mothers after 6 months. Methodologic issues are discussed to inform future health behavior research using blogs to promote healthy eating.
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[article] Effects of an Evidence-Informed Healthy Eating Blog on Dietary Intakes and Food-Related Behaviors of Mothers of Preschool- and School-Aged Children : A Randomized Controlled Trial [Article] / Audrée-Anne Dumas ; Simone Lemieux ; Annie Lapointe ; Véronique Provencher ; Julie Robitaille ; Sophie Desroches . - 2020 . - p. 53-68.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 53-68

Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Apprentissage ; Blog ; Essai contrôlé randomisé ; Recherche médicale translationnelle ; Régime alimentaire sain
Mots-clés :	changement comportemental
Résumé :	Background Although social media such as blogs are still considered innovative communication technologies, some registered dietitians (RDs) are using them to promote healthy eating; however, evidence regarding the effects of healthy eating blogs on users’ diet is lacking. Objective This study evaluated the effects of an evidence-informed healthy eating blog written by an RD on dietary intakes, with a focus on vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives consumption, and food-related behaviors of Canadian mothers. Design This study was a parallel, randomized, controlled trial. Participants/setting Data were collected from 84 French-speaking adult mothers of children aged between 2 and 12 years living in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, who were recruited between October 2015 and February 2017 using institutional e-mail lists, flyers, newspapers, social media advertisements, and word of mouth. Intervention The intervention was exclusively delivered through an evidence-informed healthy eating blog—integrating theory-based intervention methods to improve diet quality by increasing vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives consumption in mothers—for 6 months at a dose of one new post written by an RD each week. Mothers could engage with the RD and fellow participants by posting comments on the blog. Main outcome measures Main outcomes were daily intakes of vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives. Outcome assessments were performed at baseline, 3 months, and at the end of the 6-month intervention. Statistical analysis Differences between the groups were examined using mixed linear models. Results At 6 months, no significant difference was observed between groups for intakes of vegetables and fruit (P=0.923), milk and alternatives (P=0.271), or food-related behaviors and body weight (P=0.180). Conclusions A healthy eating blog, at a dose of 1 post per week, had no effects on dietary intakes, food-related behaviors, and body weight of mothers after 6 months. Methodologic issues are discussed to inform future health behavior research using blogs to promote healthy eating.
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[article] 
inJournal of the academy of nutrition and dietetics > Vol. 120, n° 1 (2020) . - p. 69-85.e7

Titre :	The Role of Diet in the Prevention of Diabetes among Women with Prior Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Intervention and Observational Studies
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Ellie D'Arcy ; Jessica Rayner ; Allison Hodge ; Lynda J. Ross ; Danielle A.J.M. Schoenaker
Année de publication :	2020
Article en page(s) :	p. 69-85.e7
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Descripteurs :	HE Vinci Diabète ; Grossesse ; Intervention ; Nutrition ; Revue systématique
Résumé :	Background Women with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) have an increased lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are no up-to-date systematic reviews analyzing the relationship of diet with risk of developing T2DM following GDM. Objective To systematically review the evidence from intervention and observational studies on effects of dietary interventions and associations of dietary intake with T2DM outcomes in women with a GDM history. Methods Six electronic databases were searched (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central, Proquest, and Scopus) for articles published until May 2019. This review includes intervention and observational studies among women of any age with a history of GDM that reported on the effects of dietary interventions or association of dietary intake (energy, nutrients, foods, dietary patterns) with T2DM, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, or prediabetes. Results The systematic review identified five articles reporting results from four intervention studies, and seven articles reporting results from four observational studies. Findings from intervention studies indicated trends toward beneficial effects of a low-glycemic index diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, and a diet in line with general population dietary guidelines, but studies had unclear or high risk of bias. Findings from two cross-sectional and one prospective study indicated poorer diabetes outcomes for women with higher intakes of branched-chain amino acids, total and heme iron, and a diet relatively low in carbohydrates and high in animal fat and protein, and better outcomes among those consuming diets rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, fish, and legumes, and low in red and processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages, after adjustment for confounders, including body mass index. Conclusions Findings from observational studies support current dietary guidelines for the prevention of T2DM. Further dietary intervention studies are needed to confirm whether or not dietary modification following a GDM pregnancy reduces women's risk of developing T2DM.
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