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Titre : | Calculating the metabolizable energy of macronutrients: a critical review of Atwaters results (2017) |
Auteurs : | Judith Sanchez-Pena |
Type de document : | Article |
Dans : | Nutrition reviews (vol. 75, n° 1, 2017) |
Article en page(s) : | 37-48 |
Langues: | Anglais |
Descripteurs : |
HE Vinci Energie ; Mesure ; Nutriments |
Mots-clés: | coefficient d'Atwater |
Résumé : | The current values for metabolizable energy of macronutrients were proposed in 1910. Since then, however, efforts to revise these values have been practically absent, creating a crucial need to carry out a critical analysis of the experimental methodology and results that form the basis of these values. Presented here is an exhaustive analysis of Atwaters work on this topic, showing evidence of considerable weaknesses that compromise the validity of his results. These weaknesses include the following: (1) the doubtful representativeness of Atwaters subjects, their activity patterns, and their diets; (2) the extremely short duration of the experiments; (3) the uncertainty about which fecal and urinary excretions contain the residues of each ingested food; (4) the uncertainty about whether or not the required nitrogen balance in individuals was reached during experiments; (5) the numerous experiments carried out without valid preliminary experiments; (6) the imprecision affecting Atwaters experimental measurements; and (7) the numerous assumptions and approximations, along with the lack of information, characterizing Atwaters studies. This review presents specific guidelines for establishing new experimental procedures to estimate more precise and/or more accurate values for the metabolizable energy of macronutrients. The importance of estimating these values in light of their possible dependence on certain nutritional parameters and/or physical activity patterns of individuals is emphasized. The use of more precise values would allow better management of the current overweight and obesity epidemic. |
Disponible en ligne : | Oui |
En ligne : | https://login.ezproxy.vinci.be/login?url=https://academic.oup.com/nutritionreviews/article/75/1/37/2684502/Calculating-the-metabolizable-energy-of |
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