| Titre : | Mise en place d’un modèle animalier de Galleria mellonella avec des bactéries BLSE multi-résistantes issues d’un portage asymptomatique dans la communauté |
| Auteurs : | Anaïs Prizzon, Auteur ; Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos, Promoteur |
| Type de document : | Travail de fin d'études |
| Editeur : | Woluwe-Saint-Lambert : Haute École Léonard de Vinci, 2024 |
| Index. décimale : | TFE - Biologie médicale |
| Mots-clés: | Galleria mellonella ; Infections à Escherichia coli ; Infections à Klebsiella ; Antibactérien |
| Résumé : | The increase in bacterial resistance due to the misuse of antibiotics leads to a reduction in therapeutic options, costing the lives of thousands of people worldwide each year. It is therefore imperative to rapidly develop new treatment solutions. The main objective of this study was to confirm the presence of ESBLs (Extended-Spectrum BetaLactamases) genes and analyze the types of resistant genes in a collection of 90 E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from stool samples of asymptomatic individuals in the community in Burkina Faso. The secondary objective is to establish an alternative animal model with Galleria mellonella larvae at the MBLG research center of UCLouvain. After confirming the identification of the bacterial collection by MALDI-TOF, MIC values for 27 antibiotics were determined by using the Becton Dickinson N-MIC-474 Phoenix panel to validate the ESBL nature of the strains and explore available therapeutic options. This panel includes three new antibiotics combined with inhibitors. Following this, Whole Genome Sequencing (Illumina) was conducted to analyze resistance genes. Five selected strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were inoculated into Galleria mellonella larvae, and their survival rates were monitored over a five-day period. Our results indicate that, in the case of E. coli infection, nitrofurantoin is the only oral treatment option. For K. pneumoniae infection, oral treatment options include levofloxacin or nitrofurantoin. All isolates exhibited susceptibility to amikacin and colistin. Genomic analysis revealed a high prevalence of the CTXM-15 gene in the Burkina collection, along with numerous associations of resistance genes leading to multidrug resistance. The Galleria mellonella model proved conclusive, except for the transport aspect, which still requires improvement. We demonstrate the virulent nature of ESBL-producing E. coli and K.pneumoniae isolates from asymptomatic carriers in the community in Burkina Faso. In conclusion, our results reveal the alarming prevalence of CTX-M-15 genes associated with multidrug resistance and nearly limited therapeutic options in virulent strains of E. coli and K.pneumoniae among the asymptomatic population in Burkina Faso. The alternative Galleria mellonella model presents a long list of advantages and can be used to identify potential new treatments in the fight against bacterial resistance. |
| Disponible en ligne : | Oui |
| Lieu du stage : | CLINIQUES UNIVERSITAIRES SAINT-LUC, laboratoire de microbiologie |
| Département du TFE : | Biologie médicale |
Documents numériques (1)
 TFE Adobe Acrobat PDF |
